nšm

See also: NSM and nsm

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /nɛʃɛm/
  • Conventional anglicization: neshem

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to cut

Inflection

Conjugation of nšm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: nšm, geminated stem: nšmm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
nšm	nšmw, nšm	nšmt	nšm	nšm

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
nšm	ḥr nšm	m nšm	r nšm

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	nšm.n	nšmw, nšm	consecutive	nšm.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	nšmt
perfective3	nšm	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	nšm.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	nšm	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	nšm	nšmm	potentialis1	nšm.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	nšm	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	nšm.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	nšm	active + .tj1, .tw2	nšm	nšm, nšmw5, nšmy5
imperfective	nšm, nšmy, nšmw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	nšm, nšmj6, nšmy6	nšm, nšmw5
prospective	nšm, nšmtj7	—	nšmtj4, nšmt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• snšmšm

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 158.