miscuis

Old Irish

Etymology

From a derivative of Proto-Celtic *kassis (“hatred”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂d-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmʲiskusʲ/

Noun

miscuis f

1. hatred
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 7^d8

     Do·beir-som ainm bráthre doib, arná·epret is ara miscuis in cúrsachad, act is ara seircc.

     He calls them brothers, lest they should say the reprimand is because of hatred for them, but it is because of love for them.

Declension

The genitive singular is unattested, but its nominative, accusative and dative singulars are all miscuis. It is usually assumed to be an i-stem. The n-stem forms in later Irish are by analogy with accuis (“cause”), which is justified in having n-stem inflection due to its derivation from Latin occāsiō.

Feminine i-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	miscuis	—	—
Vocative	miscuis	—	—
Accusative	miscuisN	—	—
Genitive	miscseoH, miscseaH	—	—
Dative	miscuisL	—	—
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: miscais
  • Irish: mioscais

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
miscuis also mmiscuis after a proclitic ending in a vowel	miscuis pronounced with /β̃(ʲ)-/	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “miscais”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language