Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱeh₂d-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Speculative links have been made to *ḱh₂d- (“to fall”).^[1]

Root

*ḱeh₂d-

hatred, angriness

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱeh₂d- (1 c, 0 e)

*ḱéh₂d-o-s^[2]^[3]
- Proto-Celtic: *kādos
  - Proto-Brythonic: *kọð
    - Middle Breton: cuez, queuz
      - Breton: keuz
    - Cornish: kueth, cüth
    - Middle Welsh: cawdd
      - Welsh: cawdd
- Proto-Italic: *kādos
  - Oscan: cadeis (“enmity”)
*ḱéh₂d-os ~ *ḱéh₂d-es-os (s-stem noun)
- Proto-Hellenic: *kā́dos
  - Ancient Greek: κῆδος (kêdos)
    Doric Greek: κᾶδος (kâdos)
*ḱéh₂d-tis ~ *ḱh₂d-téy-s^[1]
- Proto-Celtic: *kassis (see there for further descendants)
*ḱh₂d-os ~ *ḱh₂d-es-os (zero-grade s-stem noun)
- Proto-Germanic: *hataz (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Avestan: 𐬯𐬁𐬛𐬭𐬀 (sādra, “misery, suffering”)^[1]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kassi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 193-194
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cadeis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 78-79
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kādo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 183

[EDPC2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kassi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 193-194

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cadeis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 78-79

[EDPC-3] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kādo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 183

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