manifesto

See also: manifestó and manifestò

English

Etymology

Since the mid 17th century, from Italian manifesto, from manifestare, from Latin manifestō (“to make public”). Doublet of manifest.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˌmæn.ɪˈfɛs.təʊ/, /ˌmæn.əˈfɛs.təʊ/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˌmæn.əˈfɛs.toʊ/

Noun

manifesto (plural manifestos or manifestoes or manifesti)

1. A public declaration of principles, policies, or intentions, especially that of a political party.

   the Communist Manifesto

   A creed is a manifesto of religious or spiritual beliefs.

   • 1949, D. S. Mirsky, A History of Russian Literature‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, Book Two, Chapter 6, pp. 494-5:

     During the worst days of Bolshevík tyranny, when book publishing had become impossible, the imaginists were a living reminder of undying freedom; they were the only independent group that were not afraid to make themselves noticed by the authorities, and they were wonderfully skilled in getting their slender little collections and manifestoes printed by fair means or foul.

   • 2023 October 28, Elizabeth Spiers, “A Tech Overlord’s Horrifying, Silly Vision for Who Should Rule the World”, in The New York Times‎^[2], →ISSN:

     As a piece of writing, the rambling and often contradictory manifesto has the pathos of the Unabomber manifesto but lacks the ideological coherency.

   • 2023 November 20, Nitish Pahwa, “What the Heck Just Happened at OpenAI??”, in Slate‎^[3], →ISSN:

     Beginning in summer 2022, such posters shared manifestos of an “e/acc” ideology squarely opposed to A.I. fearmongerers like the effective altruists and their fellow “decels” (aka “decelerationists”).

Derived terms

• mini-manifesto
• personifesto
• womanifesto

 

Translations

public declaration

• Albanian: manifest (sq) m
• Arabic: بَيَان (ar) (bayān)
• Armenian: մանիֆեստ (hy) (manifest)
• Azerbaijani: fərman-hümayun, manifest, bəyannamə (az)
• Belarusian: маніфе́ст m (manifjést), маніфэ́ст m (manifést)
• Bengali: বয়ান (bn) (boẏan), ইশতেহার (iśtehar)
• Bulgarian: манифе́ст (bg) m (manifést), изявле́ние (bg) n (izjavlénie)
• Catalan: manifest (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 宣言 (zh) (xuānyán), 公告 (zh) (gōnggào), 告示 (zh) (gàoshì), 聲明 / 声明 (zh) (shēngmíng)

• Czech: manifest (cs) m
• Danish: manifest (da) n
• Dutch: manifest (nl) n
• Estonian: manifest (et)
• Finnish: manifesti (fi), ohjelmajulistus (fi)
• French: manifeste (fr) m
• Georgian: მანიფესტი (manipesṭi)
• German: Manifest (de) n
• Greek: μανιφέστο (el) n (manifésto)
• Hebrew: מִנְשָׁר (he) (minshár), מָניפֶסט
• Hindi: घोषणापत्र m (ghoṣṇāpatra)
• Hungarian: kiáltvány (hu)
• Icelandic: stefnuyfirlýsing
• Indonesian: manifesto (id), manifes (id)
• Italian: manifesto (it) m
• Japanese: 檄 (ja) (げき, geki), 檄文 (ja) (げきぶん, gekibun), マニフェスト (ja) (manifesuto), 宣言 (ja) (せんげん, sengen)
• Kazakh: манифест (manifest)
• Khmer: និវេទនប័ណ្ណ (niveitĕəʼnĕəʼban)
• Korean: 선언(宣言) (ko) (seoneon), 성명서(聲明書) (seongmyeongseo), 공약(公約) (gong'yak)
• Kyrgyz: манифест (manifest)
• Lao: ຖະແຫຼງການ (tha lǣng kān)
• Latvian: manifests m
• Lithuanian: manifestas (lt) m
• Macedonian: ма́нифест m (mánifest)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: тунхаг (mn) (tunxag)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: manifest n

  Nynorsk: manifest n

• Persian: مانیفست (fa) (mânifest)
• Polish: manifest (pl) m
• Portuguese: manifesto (pt) m
• Romanian: manifest (ro) n
• Russian: манифе́ст (ru) m (manifést)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: манѝфест m

  Roman: manìfest (sh) m

• Slovak: manifest m
• Slovene: manifest (sl) m
• Spanish: manifiesto (es) m
• Swedish: manifest (sv) n
• Tajik: манифест (manifest)
• Thai: แถลงการณ์ (th) (tà-lɛ̌ɛng-gaan)
• Turkish: manifesto (tr)
• Ukrainian: маніфе́ст m (manifést)
• Urdu: مَنْشُور m (manśūr)
• Uzbek: manifest (uz)
• Vietnamese: tuyên ngôn (vi)

Verb

manifesto (third-person singular simple present manifestos, present participle manifestoing, simple past and past participle manifestoed)

1. (intransitive) To issue a manifesto.

Anagrams

• faintsome

Catalan

Verb

manifesto

1. first-person singular present indicative of manifestar

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [maniˈfesto]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -esto
• Hyphenation: ma‧ni‧fes‧to

Noun

manifesto (accusative singular manifeston, plural manifestoj, accusative plural manifestojn)

1. manifest

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from English manifesto, from Italian manifesto, from Latin manifestō (“to make public”). Doublet of manifes.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.niˈfɛs.tɔ/
• Rhymes: -tɔ
• Hyphenation: ma‧ni‧fes‧to

Noun

manifesto

1. manifesto (a public declaration of principles, policies, or intentions, especially that of a political party)

   Synonym: manifes

Related terms

• manifes
• manifestasi

 

Further reading

• “manifesto” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.niˈfɛ.sto/
• Rhymes: -ɛsto
• Hyphenation: ma‧ni‧fè‧sto

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin manifestus.

Adjective

manifesto (feminine manifesta, masculine plural manifesti, feminine plural manifeste)

1. manifest, apparent, evident, obvious

   Synonyms: evidente, noto, palese

Noun

manifesto m (plural manifesti)

1. manifesto
2. poster, placard, bill, notice

   Synonym: poster

3. (theater) playbill, programme/program, program

   Synonyms: cartellone, programma

4. (nautical) manifest

Descendants

• → Turkish: manifesto

Etymology 2

Verb

manifesto

1. first-person singular present indicative of manifestare

Derived terms

• manifestamente
• manifestare

 

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ma.niˈfes.toː/, [mänɪˈfɛs̠t̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ma.niˈfes.to/, [mäniˈfɛst̪o]

Etymology 1

From manifestus (“apparent, palpable, manifest”) +‎ -ō.

Alternative forms

• manifestē

Adverb

manifestō (comparative manifestius, superlative manifestissimē)

1. manifestly, openly, clearly
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 8.16:

     quid struat his coeptis, quem, si fortuna sequatur, / euentum pugnae cupiat, manifestius ipsi / quam Turno regi aut regi apparere Latino.

Etymology 2

Verb

manifestō (present infinitive manifestāre, perfect active manifestāvī, supine manifestātum); first conjugation

1. to exhibit, make public, show clearly
   • 397 CE – 401 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, Confessions 7.12.18:

     Et manifestatum est mihi quoniam bona sunt quae corrumpuntur.

     And it was made clear to me that all things are good even if they are corrupted.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of manifestō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	manifestō	manifestās	manifestat	manifestāmus	manifestātis	manifestant
	imperfect	manifestābam	manifestābās	manifestābat	manifestābāmus	manifestābātis	manifestābant
	future	manifestābō	manifestābis	manifestābit	manifestābimus	manifestābitis	manifestābunt
	perfect	manifestāvī	manifestāvistī	manifestāvit	manifestāvimus	manifestāvistis	manifestāvērunt, manifestāvēre
	pluperfect	manifestāveram	manifestāverās	manifestāverat	manifestāverāmus	manifestāverātis	manifestāverant
	future perfect	manifestāverō	manifestāveris	manifestāverit	manifestāverimus	manifestāveritis	manifestāverint
passive	present	manifestor	manifestāris, manifestāre	manifestātur	manifestāmur	manifestāminī	manifestantur
	imperfect	manifestābar	manifestābāris, manifestābāre	manifestābātur	manifestābāmur	manifestābāminī	manifestābantur
	future	manifestābor	manifestāberis, manifestābere	manifestābitur	manifestābimur	manifestābiminī	manifestābuntur
	perfect	manifestātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	manifestātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	manifestātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	manifestem	manifestēs	manifestet	manifestēmus	manifestētis	manifestent
imperfect	manifestārem	manifestārēs	manifestāret	manifestārēmus	manifestārētis	manifestārent
perfect	manifestāverim	manifestāverīs	manifestāverit	manifestāverīmus	manifestāverītis	manifestāverint
pluperfect	manifestāvissem	manifestāvissēs	manifestāvisset	manifestāvissēmus	manifestāvissētis	manifestāvissent
passive	present	manifester	manifestēris, manifestēre	manifestētur	manifestēmur	manifestēminī	manifestentur
imperfect	manifestārer	manifestārēris, manifestārēre	manifestārētur	manifestārēmur	manifestārēminī	manifestārentur
perfect	manifestātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	manifestātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	manifestā	—	—	manifestāte	—
	future	—	manifestātō	manifestātō	—	manifestātōte	manifestantō
passive	present	—	manifestāre	—	—	manifestāminī	—
	future	—	manifestātor	manifestātor	—	—	manifestantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		manifestāre	manifestāvisse	manifestātūrum esse	manifestārī	manifestātum esse	manifestātum īrī
participles		manifestāns	—	manifestātūrus	—	manifestātus	manifestandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		manifestandī	manifestandō	manifestandum	manifestandō	manifestātum	manifestātū

Derived terms

• manifestātiō
• manifestātor

 

Descendants

• Catalan: manifestar
• English: manifest
• French: manifester
• Galician: manifestar
• Italian: manifestare
• Occitan: manifestar
• Old Galician-Portuguese: maenfestar, mãefestar
• Portuguese: manifestar
• Romanian: manifesta
• Sicilian: manifistari
• Spanish: manifestar

Related terms

• manifesta
• manifestārius
• manifestus

 

References

• “manifesto”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “manifesto”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• manifesto in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[4], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to take a person in the act: deprehendere aliquem in manifesto scelere
    

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ma.niˈfɛs.tu/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ma.niˈfɛs.tu/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ma.niˈfɛʃ.tu/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ma.niˈfɛs.to/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /mɐ.niˈfɛʃ.tu/

• Rhymes: -ɛstu, -ɛʃtu
• Hyphenation: ma‧ni‧fes‧to

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin manifestus.

Adjective

manifesto (feminine manifesta, masculine plural manifestos, feminine plural manifestas)

1. manifest; evident; patent; notorious; public

Derived terms

• conteúdo manifesto
• destino manifesto

 

Noun

manifesto m (plural manifestos)

1. manifesto; manifest
   1. act or effect of manifesting
   2. public declaration in which the reasons that led to the practice of certain acts that are of interest to a community are set out
   3. (literature) programmatic text of a literary school or literary movement
   4. list presented in a public office, due to legal obligation, of agricultural or industrial production, of the existence of goods to be sold, etc.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

manifesto

1. first-person singular present indicative of manifestar

Turkish

Etymology

From Italian manifesto.

Noun

manifesto (definite accusative manifestoyu, plural manifestolar)

1. manifesto (a public declaration; an open statement)

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	manifesto
Definite accusative	manifestoyu
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	manifesto	manifestolar
Definite accusative	manifestoyu	manifestoları
Dative	manifestoya	manifestolara
Locative	manifestoda	manifestolarda
Ablative	manifestodan	manifestolardan
Genitive	manifestonun	manifestoların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular manifestom manifestolarım 2nd singular manifeston manifestoların 3rd singular manifestosu manifestoları 1st plural manifestomuz manifestolarımız 2nd plural manifestonuz manifestolarınız 3rd plural manifestoları manifestoları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular manifestomu manifestolarımı 2nd singular manifestonu manifestolarını 3rd singular manifestosunu manifestolarını 1st plural manifestomuzu manifestolarımızı 2nd plural manifestonuzu manifestolarınızı 3rd plural manifestolarını manifestolarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular manifestoma manifestolarıma 2nd singular manifestona manifestolarına 3rd singular manifestosuna manifestolarına 1st plural manifestomuza manifestolarımıza 2nd plural manifestonuza manifestolarınıza 3rd plural manifestolarına manifestolarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular manifestomda manifestolarımda 2nd singular manifestonda manifestolarında 3rd singular manifestosunda manifestolarında 1st plural manifestomuzda manifestolarımızda 2nd plural manifestonuzda manifestolarınızda 3rd plural manifestolarında manifestolarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular manifestomdan manifestolarımdan 2nd singular manifestondan manifestolarından 3rd singular manifestosundan manifestolarından 1st plural manifestomuzdan manifestolarımızdan 2nd plural manifestonuzdan manifestolarınızdan 3rd plural manifestolarından manifestolarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular manifestomun manifestolarımın 2nd singular manifestonun manifestolarının 3rd singular manifestosunun manifestolarının 1st plural manifestomuzun manifestolarımızın 2nd plural manifestonuzun manifestolarınızın 3rd plural manifestolarının manifestolarının

Further reading

• “manifesto”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu