mæst

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *maist, from Proto-Germanic *maistaz and *maist.

Alternative forms

• māst
• mēst — Kentish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mæːst/

Adjective

mǣst

2. superlative degree of miċel, fela, and maniġ: biggest, most
   • late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy

     Mǣst manna nū onhyreþ nēatum on þām þæt hīe wilniaþ weoroldlusta swā swā nīetenu.

     Most people now resemble animals in that they desire worldly pleasures like animals do.

Usage notes

• When used with a countable noun, mǣst occurs in the singular, with the noun it describes in the genitive case: Mǣst manna is medume (“Most people are average,” literally “Most of people is average”).
• When it is used to mean “the most/the largest amount,” mǣst occurs without the word “the”: Hīe flīton hwelċ cynn hæbbe mǣst gold (“They were arguing over which race has the most gold”), Hīe woldon ġesēon hwæðer hæfde mǣst bearna (“They wanted to see who would have the most children”).
• When it means “biggest,” it is used like any other adjective and neither of the above rules apply.

Declension

Declension of mǣst — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	mǣst	mǣst	mǣst
Accusative	mǣstne	mǣste	mǣst
Genitive	mǣstes	mǣstre	mǣstes
Dative	mǣstum	mǣstre	mǣstum
Instrumental	mǣste	mǣstre	mǣste
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	mǣste	mǣsta, mǣste	mǣst
Accusative	mǣste	mǣsta, mǣste	mǣst
Genitive	mǣstra	mǣstra	mǣstra
Dative	mǣstum	mǣstum	mǣstum
Instrumental	mǣstum	mǣstum	mǣstum

Declension of mǣst — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	mǣsta	mǣste	mǣste
Accusative	mǣstan	mǣstan	mǣste
Genitive	mǣstan	mǣstan	mǣstan
Dative	mǣstan	mǣstan	mǣstan
Instrumental	mǣstan	mǣstan	mǣstan
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	mǣstan	mǣstan	mǣstan
Accusative	mǣstan	mǣstan	mǣstan
Genitive	mǣstra, mǣstena	mǣstra, mǣstena	mǣstra, mǣstena
Dative	mǣstum	mǣstum	mǣstum
Instrumental	mǣstum	mǣstum	mǣstum

Descendants

• Middle English: maste, most, moste
  • English: most
  • Geordie English: myest
  • Scots: maste, mast, maist

Adverb

mǣst

1. superlative degree of miċele and swīþe: most

Usage notes

• Swīðost is often used instead of mǣst adverbially: sē cniht þe hē swīðost lufode (“the boy that he most loved”). In addition, neither mǣst nor swīðost is used to form the superlative of adjectives or adverbs. Instead, the suffix -ost or -est is used: hīwcūþ (“familiar”) → hīwcūþost (“most familiar”).

Derived terms

• ealra mǣst

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *mastaz. Cognate with Middle Dutch mast (Dutch mast), Old High German mast (German Mast).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mæst/

Noun

mæst m

2. mast (of ship)

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	mæst	mæstas
accusative	mæst	mæstas
genitive	mæstes	mæsta
dative	mæste	mæstum

Descendants

• Middle English: mast
  • English: mast
  • Scots: mast

Etymology 3

From Proto-Germanic *mastaz, from Proto-Indo-European *mad(z)do-. Cognate with Middle Dutch mast, Old High German mast (German Mast); and related to Latin madeō (“to be wet”) and Old English mete (“food”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mæst/

Noun

mæst m

2. mast (forest nuts, often used to feed pigs)

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	mæst	mæstas
accusative	mæst	mæstas
genitive	mæstes	mæsta
dative	mæste	mæstum

Derived terms

• mæstan (“to fatten”)

Descendants

• English: mast