lustro

See also: lustró and lustrò

Esperanto

lustro

Etymology

From French lustre, Russian люстра (ljustra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlustro]
• Rhymes: -ustro
• Hyphenation: lus‧tro

Noun

lustro (accusative singular lustron, plural lustroj, accusative plural lustrojn)

1. chandelier

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlu.stro/
• Rhymes: -ustro
• Hyphenation: lù‧stro

Etymology 1

Verb

lustro

1. first-person singular present indicative of lustrare

Etymology 2

Deverbal from lustrare.

Adjective

lustro (feminine lustra, masculine plural lustri, feminine plural lustre)

1. shiny
2. glossy

Noun

lustro m (plural lustri)

1. shine, gloss
2. prestige

Descendants

• → Middle French: lustre
  • → Middle English: lustre
  • French: lustre
    • → German: Lüster
    • → Persian: لوستر (lustr)
    • Polish: lustro n
    • Russian: лю́стра f (ljústra)
• → Ottoman Turkish: لوسترو (lustro, lostro), لوستره (lostra)
  • Turkish: lostra
  • → Armenian: լուստռա (lustṙa)
• → Polish: lustro

Etymology 3

Learned borrowing from Latin lūstrum.

Noun

lustro m (plural lustri)

2. five-year period; lustrum

   Synonym: quinquennio

Related terms

• trilustre

Latin

Etymology 1

From lūstrum (“a purificatory sacrifice”) +‎ -ō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈluːs.troː/, [ˈɫ̪uːs̠t̪roː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈlus.tro/, [ˈlust̪ro]

Verb

lūstrō (present infinitive lūstrāre, perfect active lūstrāvī, supine lūstrātum); first conjugation

1. to purify by means of a propitiatory sacrifice

   Synonym: perlūstrō

2. (figuratively) to circle, move in a circle around. (because the priest offering such sacrifice did so)
   • 9 CE, Ovid, The Ibis 111–112:

     Exul inops errēs aliēnaque līmina lūstrēs,
         exiguumque petās ōre tremente cibum.

     May you wander as a poor exile and go round others' thresholds,
         and ask with a trembling mouth for a bit of food.

3. to wander over, traverse, roam

   Synonyms: errō, pervagor, peragrō, vagor, discurrō, pererrō, perlūstrō, pālor

4. (military) to review, examine
5. to review, survey, observe, examine, reconnoiter, search, track, trace

   Synonyms: aspiciō, perlūstrō, recēnseō, circumspiciō, cōnspiciō, obeō, īnspiciō, arbitror, cōnsīderō, spectō, reputō, exsequor

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.564:

     “Respiciō et quae sit mē circum cōpia lūstrō.”

     “I look back and survey what force is there around me.”

6. to illuminate, make bright. (circling celestial bodies: sun, moon etc.)

   Synonyms: clārō, incendō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of lūstrō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	lūstrō		lūstrās		lūstrat		lūstrāmus		lūstrātis		lūstrant
	imperfect	lūstrābam		lūstrābās		lūstrābat		lūstrābāmus		lūstrābātis		lūstrābant
	future	lūstrābō		lūstrābis		lūstrābit		lūstrābimus		lūstrābitis		lūstrābunt
	perfect	lūstrāvī		lūstrāvistī		lūstrāvit		lūstrāvimus		lūstrāvistis		lūstrāvērunt, lūstrāvēre
	pluperfect	lūstrāveram		lūstrāverās		lūstrāverat		lūstrāverāmus		lūstrāverātis		lūstrāverant
	future perfect	lūstrāverō		lūstrāveris		lūstrāverit		lūstrāverimus		lūstrāveritis		lūstrāverint
passive	present	lūstror		lūstrāris, lūstrāre		lūstrātur		lūstrāmur		lūstrāminī		lūstrantur
	imperfect	lūstrābar		lūstrābāris, lūstrābāre		lūstrābātur		lūstrābāmur		lūstrābāminī		lūstrābantur
	future	lūstrābor		lūstrāberis, lūstrābere		lūstrābitur		lūstrābimur		lūstrābiminī		lūstrābuntur
	perfect	lūstrātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	lūstrātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	lūstrātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	lūstrem		lūstrēs		lūstret		lūstrēmus		lūstrētis		lūstrent
	imperfect	lūstrārem		lūstrārēs		lūstrāret		lūstrārēmus		lūstrārētis		lūstrārent
	perfect	lūstrāverim		lūstrāverīs		lūstrāverit		lūstrāverīmus		lūstrāverītis		lūstrāverint
	pluperfect	lūstrāvissem		lūstrāvissēs		lūstrāvisset		lūstrāvissēmus		lūstrāvissētis		lūstrāvissent
passive	present	lūstrer		lūstrēris, lūstrēre		lūstrētur		lūstrēmur		lūstrēminī		lūstrentur
	imperfect	lūstrārer		lūstrārēris, lūstrārēre		lūstrārētur		lūstrārēmur		lūstrārēminī		lūstrārentur
	perfect	lūstrātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	lūstrātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		lūstrā		—		—		lūstrāte		—
	future	—		lūstrātō		lūstrātō		—		lūstrātōte		lūstrantō
passive	present	—		lūstrāre		—		—		lūstrāminī		—
	future	—		lūstrātor		lūstrātor		—		—		lūstrantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		lūstrāre			lūstrārī			lūstrāns			—
future		lūstrātūrum esse			lūstrātum īrī			lūstrātūrus			lūstrandus
perfect		lūstrāvisse			lūstrātum esse			—			lūstrātus
future perfect		—			lūstrātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		lūstrātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		lūstrandī		lūstrandō		lūstrandum		lūstrandō		lūstrātum		lūstrātū

Derived terms

• illūstrō
• lūstrāmen
• lūstrāmentum
• lūstrātiō
• lūstrātor
• lūstricus
• lūstrificus

Descendants

• English: lustre
• French: lustrer
• Italian: lustrare
• Lombard: lustrà
• Piedmontese: lustré
• Spanish: lustrar

Etymology 2

In sense 1, from lustra (“brothel, place of debauchery”) +‎ -ō (noun-forming suffix) (compare lustror (“to frequent brothels”)). Sense 2 is possibly a reinterpretation based on the alternative sense of lustra (“wilds, woods, forest”) or influenced by the etymologically unrelated verb lūstrō (“wander over, traverse, roam”) (see above).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈlus.troː/, [ˈɫ̪ʊs̠t̪roː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈlus.tro/, [ˈlust̪ro]

Noun

lustrō m (genitive lustrōnis); third declension (uncommon)

1. frequenter of brothels/places of ill repute
   • c. 270 BCE – c. 201 BCE, Gnaeus Naevius, Com 118:

     Pessimorum pessime, audax, ganeo lustro aleo!

     • 2017 translation by Amy Richlin

       Worst of the worst, bold, glutton, barfly, gambler

   • c. 270 BCE – c. 201 BCE, Gnaeus Naevius, Com 120:

     Vagus est et lustro

2. vagabond, wanderer, roamer
   • c. 1150 – 1180, Thesaurus novus Latinitatis 313, (first published by Angelo Mai in Auctores Classici Vol. 8; authorship now attributed to Osbernus of Gloucester):

     hic lustro, nis ·i· ille qui vagus est et nihil agit nisi fora lustrat, unde Naevius de quodam: vagus, inquit, est et lustro

   • c. 1150 – 1180, Osbern of Gloucester, Derivationes 193:

     Errabundus, erratilis, vagus, lustrones, qui vagi sunt et instabiles

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	lustrō	lustrōnēs
genitive	lustrōnis	lustrōnum
dative	lustrōnī	lustrōnibus
accusative	lustrōnem	lustrōnēs
ablative	lustrōne	lustrōnibus
vocative	lustrō	lustrōnēs

Further reading

• “lustro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “lustro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• lustro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to scrutinise, examine closely: perlustrare, lustrare oculis aliquid
    
  • to review an army: recensere, lustrare, recognoscere exercitum (Liv. 42. 31)
    

Polish

lustro sense 1

lustro sense 2

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian lustro. Doublet of lustr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlus.trɔ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ustrɔ
• Syllabification: lus‧tro

Noun

lustro n (diminutive lusterko, related adjective lustrzany or lustrowy)

2. (countable) mirror, looking-glass (smooth surface, usually made of glass with reflective material painted on the underside, that reflects light so as to give an image of what is in front of it)

   Synonyms: tafla, zwierciadło

4. (uncountable) smooth and shiny water surface

   Synonyms: tafla, zwierciadło

5. (countable, hunting) light stain on the backside of deer, fallow deer, and roes
6. (countable, hunting) spot on the wingtips of capercaillies and black grouse, and on the flight feathers of wild ducks

Declension

Declension of lustro

	singular	plural
nominative	lustro	lustra
genitive	lustra	luster
dative	lustru	lustrom
accusative	lustro	lustra
instrumental	lustrem	lustrami
locative	lustrze	lustrach
vocative	lustro	lustra

Derived terms

(nouns):

• lustrzanka

(verbs):

• lustrzyć impf

Related terms

(nouns):

• lustereczko

Further reading

• lustro in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• lustro in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• lustro in PWN's encyclopedia

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈlus.tɾu/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈlus.tɾu/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈluʃ.tɾu/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈlus.tɾo/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈluʃ.tɾu/

• Hyphenation: lus‧tro

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin lūstrum, denoting a lavatory sacrifice after a quinquennial census, possibly cognate to luō (“to wash, to cleanse”).

Noun

lustro m (plural lustros)

1. lustrum; five-year period

   Synonym: quinquênio

Etymology 2

Verb

lustro

1. first-person singular present indicative of lustrar

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlustɾo/ [ˈlus.t̪ɾo]
• Rhymes: -ustɾo
• Syllabification: lus‧tro

Etymology 1

From Latin lustrum, denoting a lavatory sacrifice after a quinquennial census, possibly cognate to luō (“to wash, cleanse”).

Noun

lustro m (plural lustros)

1. lustrum; five-year period

   Synonym: quinquenio

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

lustro

1. first-person singular present indicative of lustrar

Further reading

• “lustro”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10