ljósta
Appearance
Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse ljósta, from Proto-Germanic *leustaną.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]ljósta (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative laust, third-person plural past indicative lustu, supine lostið)
- (somewhat archaic or poetic) to hit, to strike
- Eldingu laust niður í fánastöngina í óveðrinu í gærkvöld.
- Lightning struck through the flagpole in the storm yesterday evening.
Usage notes
[edit]This verb is somewhat archaic or poetic, and its use in everyday language is mostly limited to references to lightning strikes and the set phrases skelfingu lostinn (“horror-stricken”), and steini lostinn (“awestruck, stone-stricken”).
Conjugation
[edit]ljósta — active voice (germynd)
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að ljósta | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
lostið | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
ljóstandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég lýst | við ljóstum | present (nútíð) |
ég ljósti | við ljóstum |
þú lýstur | þið ljóstið | þú ljóstir | þið ljóstið | ||
hann, hún, það lýstur | þeir, þær, þau ljósta | hann, hún, það ljósti | þeir, þær, þau ljósti | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég laust | við lustum | past (þátíð) |
ég lysti | við lystum |
þú laust | þið lustuð | þú lystir | þið lystuð | ||
hann, hún, það laust | þeir, þær, þau lustu | hann, hún, það lysti | þeir, þær, þau lystu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
ljóst (þú) | ljóstið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
ljóstu | ljóstiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
lostinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
lostinn | lostin | lostið | lostnir | lostnar | lostin | |
accusative (þolfall) |
lostinn | lostna | lostið | lostna | lostnar | lostin | |
dative (þágufall) |
lostnum | lostinni | lostnu | lostnum | lostnum | lostnum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
lostins | lostinnar | lostins | lostinna | lostinna | lostinna | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
lostni | lostna | lostna | lostnu | lostnu | lostnu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
lostna | lostnu | lostna | lostnu | lostnu | lostnu | |
dative (þágufall) |
lostna | lostnu | lostna | lostnu | lostnu | lostnu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
lostna | lostnu | lostna | lostnu | lostnu | lostnu |
Old Norse
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *leustaną.
Verb
[edit]ljósta (singular past indicative laust, plural past indicative lustu, past participle lostinn)
- to strike, smite
- to strike, hit (with a spear, arrow)
- (impersonal)
- laust í bardaga með þeim mikinn
- it came to a great battle between them
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of ljósta — active (strong class 2)
infinitive | ljósta | |
---|---|---|
present participle | ljóstandi | |
past participle | lostinn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | lýst | laust |
2nd-person singular | lýstr | laustt |
3rd-person singular | lýstr | laust |
1st-person plural | ljóstum | lustum |
2nd-person plural | ljóstið | lustuð |
3rd-person plural | ljósta | lustu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | ljósta | lysta |
2nd-person singular | ljóstir | lystir |
3rd-person singular | ljósti | lysti |
1st-person plural | ljóstim | lystim |
2nd-person plural | ljóstið | lystið |
3rd-person plural | ljósti | lysti |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | ljóst | |
1st-person plural | ljóstum | |
2nd-person plural | ljóstið |
Conjugation of ljósta — mediopassive (strong class 2)
infinitive | ljóstask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | ljóstandisk | |
past participle | lostizk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | ljóstumk | lustumk |
2nd-person singular | lýszk | lauszk |
3rd-person singular | lýszk | lauszk |
1st-person plural | ljóstumsk | lustumsk |
2nd-person plural | ljóstizk | lustuzk |
3rd-person plural | ljóstask | lustusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | ljóstumk | lystumk |
2nd-person singular | ljóstisk | lystisk |
3rd-person singular | ljóstisk | lystisk |
1st-person plural | ljóstimsk | lystimsk |
2nd-person plural | ljóstizk | lystizk |
3rd-person plural | ljóstisk | lystisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | ljószk | |
1st-person plural | ljóstumsk | |
2nd-person plural | ljóstizk |
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “ljósta”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
Categories:
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ousta
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ousta/2 syllables
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic strong verbs
- Icelandic terms with archaic senses
- Icelandic poetic terms
- Icelandic terms with usage examples
- Icelandic class 2 strong verbs
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse verbs
- Old Norse impersonal verbs
- Old Norse terms with usage examples
- Old Norse class 2 strong verbs