kmm

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /kaˈmam/ → /kaˈmam/ → /kəˈmam/ → /kəˈmam/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /kaˈmam/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /kaˈmam/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /kəˈmam/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /kəˈmam/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /kɛmɛm/
  • Conventional anglicization: kemem

Verb

 2ae gem.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) black

Inflection

Conjugation of kmm (second geminate / 2ae gem. / II. gem.) — base stem: km, geminated stem: kmm

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural kmm8 kmm kmmt kmm, km kmm, km ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 kmm, km ḥr kmm m kmm r kmm suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect kmm.n, km.n consecutive km.jn terminative kmmt perfective3 km obligative1 kmm.ḫr imperfective kmm prospective3 kmm potentialis1 km.kꜣ subjunctive km verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect km.n — — perfective km km km, kmw5, kmy5 imperfective kmm, kmmy, kmmw5 kmm, kmmj6, kmmy6 kmm, kmmw5 prospective km, kmtj7 kmmtj4, kmmt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine. 8 km before suffix pronouns.

This verb is almost exclusively used in its non-geminated forms; that it is a second-geminate verb kmm rather than a biliteral km is deduced from its Coptic descendants.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of kmm  

km	km	km	km
	[since the Amarna Period]	[since the 18th Dynasty]	[since the 18th Dynasty]

These writings all represent non-geminated forms; see the note under ‘Inflection’ above.

Derived terms

• m km n ꜣt
• km wr (“the Bitter Lakes”)
• kmt (“the Egyptians”)
• kmt (“Egypt”)
• kmt^? (“a type of jar”)

Descendants

• Bohairic Coptic: ⲭⲙⲟⲙ (khmom)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ⲕⲙⲁⲙ (kmam)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲙⲟⲙ (kmom)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 122–124.8
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 286