kepada

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• kpd (abbreviation)

Etymology

Affixed ke- +‎ pada, from Malay kepada (“to (a person)”), from Classical Malay kepada (“to (a place)”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /kəˈpada/ [kəˈpa.da]
• Rhymes: -ada
• Syllabification: ke‧pa‧da

Preposition

kêpada

1. to (a person)

   Mohon, kirimlah salamku kepada ibuku.

   Please, send my regards to my mother.

   Kirim dong salam aku ke ibu aku.

Usage notes

• For “to” in the senses of “to a place”, the preposition ke is used.

Malay

Etymology

From ke (“to”) + pada (“at”).

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Riau) IPA^(key): [kə.pa.də]

  • Audio (Malaysia):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -də, -ə
• (Baku) IPA^(key): [kə.pa.da]

  • Audio (Malaysia):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -da, -a
• Hyphenation: ke‧pa‧da

Preposition

kepada (Jawi spelling کڤد)

1. To, at, towards:
   1. In the direction of (used with animate and abstract objects).

      Synonyms: pada, ke, dekat

      Bola itu dibaling kepada Adam.

      The ball was thrown to Adam.

   2. Used to indicate the target or recipient of an action.

      Synonyms: pada, terhadap, akan, dekat

      Jangan marah kepada adik kamu.

      Don't be angry at your little sibling.

   3. Used to state a change of state.

      Suhu badan Adam meningkat kepada 39°C.

      Adam's body temperature rose to 39°C.

2. Into:
   1. Used to state a division.

      Bahagikan kelas ini kepada 10 kumpulan.

      Divide this class into 10 groups.

Usage notes

For the usage of "in the direction of", with inanimate objects, the preposition ke is used instead.

Further reading

• “kepada” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.