kauern
Appearance
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Low German, eventually from Middle Low German kūren (“to lurk”, originally "to crouch, bend, sit hunched over"), whence also English cower, according to Pokorny, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to curve, bend”), see also Proto-Germanic *kuddô (“shell, pod”).[1]
Used in standard German since the 18th century, either directly from German Low German (then with an artificial adaptation of the vocalism) or through an East Central German dialect.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]kauern (weak, third-person singular present kauert, past tense kauerte, past participle gekauert, auxiliary haben)
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | kauern | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | kauernd | ||||
past participle | gekauert | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich kaure ich kauere ich kauer |
wir kauern | i | ich kauere ich kaure |
wir kauern |
du kauerst | ihr kauert | du kauerest du kaurest |
ihr kaueret ihr kauret | ||
er kauert | sie kauern | er kauere er kaure |
sie kauern | ||
preterite | ich kauerte | wir kauerten | ii | ich kauerte1 | wir kauerten1 |
du kauertest | ihr kauertet | du kauertest1 | ihr kauertet1 | ||
er kauerte | sie kauerten | er kauerte1 | sie kauerten1 | ||
imperative | kaure (du) kauer (du) kauere (du) |
kauert (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “393-98”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 393-98
Further reading
[edit]Categories:
- German terms borrowed from Low German
- German terms derived from Low German
- German terms derived from Middle Low German
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms derived from German Low German
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary