jwr

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈjaːwaɾ/ → /ˈjaːjaʔ/ → /ˈʔaːʔə/ → /ˈʔoːʔ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjaːwaɾ/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjaːjaʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʔaːʔə/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʔoːʔ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iuːr/
  • Conventional anglicization: iur

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to conceive (a child), to become pregnant with
2. (intransitive) to be conceived (+ n: by (a father))
3. (intransitive) to be(come) pregnant (+ m: with (a child))
4. (intransitive with n, figuratively, of land) to be made fertile by the flooding of (the Nile)
5. (intransitive with m, figuratively, of land) to be(come) full of, to abound with (grain)

Inflection

Conjugation of jwr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jwr, geminated stem: jwrr

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural jwr jwrw, jwr jwrt jwr jwr ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 jwr ḥr jwr m jwr r jwr suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect jwr.n jwrw, jwr consecutive jwr.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative jwrt perfective3 jwr active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 jwr.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective jwr active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 jwr jwrr potentialis1 jwr.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive jwr active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect jwr.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective jwr active + .tj1, .tw2 jwr jwr, jwrw5, jwry5 imperfective jwr, jwry, jwrw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 jwr, jwrj6, jwry6 jwr, jwrw5 prospective jwr, jwrtj7 — jwrtj4, jwrt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwr  

jwr	jwj	jj	jwr	jwr	jwr	jwr	jwr
[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Middle and New Kingdoms]	[Medical papyri]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]

Descendants

• Demotic: jwr
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲟⲩ (ouou), ⲟⲩ (ou), (stative) ⲉⲉⲧ (eet)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲱ (ō), (stative) ⲏⲏⲧ (ēēt)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲱ (ō), (stative) ⲉⲉⲧ (eet)
  • Old Coptic: ⲱ (ō), ⲟⲩ (ou)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲱ (ōō), ⲱ (ō), (stative) ⲉⲉⲧ (eet), (stative) ⲉⲧ (et)

References

• “jwr (lemma ID 22930)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 56.1–56.7
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 13
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 36, 240.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 243