jwh

See also: jwḥ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iuːh/
  • Conventional anglicization: iuh

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive or reflexive) to load, to burden (someone) (+ m or ẖr: with (something)) [Second Intermediate Period to Greco-Roman Period]
   • c. 1650 BCE – 1550 BCE, Tales from Papyrus Westcar (pWestcar/pBerlin 3033) :

     jwh.jn sw ẖnmw m pꜣ jt

     Then Khnum loaded himself with the barley.

2. (transitive) to bear, to carry (something) [Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Conjugation of jwh (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jwh, geminated stem: jwhh

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
jwh	jwhw, jwh	jwht	jwh	jwh

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
jwh	ḥr jwh	m jwh	r jwh

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jwh.n	jwhw, jwh	consecutive	jwh.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	jwht
perfective3	jwh	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	jwh.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	jwh	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	jwh	jwhh	potentialis1	jwh.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	jwh	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jwh.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	jwh	active + .tj1, .tw2	jwh	jwh, jwhw5, jwhy5
imperfective	jwh, jwhy, jwhw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	jwh, jwhj6, jwhy6	jwh, jwhw5
prospective	jwh, jwhtj7	—	jwhtj4, jwht4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwh  

jwhꜣ	jwh
[New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]
in hieratic

References

• “jwh (lemma ID 22990)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 56.17–56.22
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 14