jurer
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old French jurer, from Latin jūrāre, iūrāre (“to swear, take an oath”), from Proto-Italic *jowezāō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]jurer
- to swear; to promise by oath
- to swear; to say a swear word
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of jurer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | jurer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | jurant /ʒy.ʁɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | juré /ʒy.ʁe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | jure /ʒyʁ/ |
jures /ʒyʁ/ |
jure /ʒyʁ/ |
jurons /ʒy.ʁɔ̃/ |
jurez /ʒy.ʁe/ |
jurent /ʒyʁ/ |
| imperfect | jurais /ʒy.ʁɛ/ |
jurais /ʒy.ʁɛ/ |
jurait /ʒy.ʁɛ/ |
jurions /ʒy.ʁjɔ̃/ |
juriez /ʒy.ʁje/ |
juraient /ʒy.ʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | jurai /ʒy.ʁe/ |
juras /ʒy.ʁa/ |
jura /ʒy.ʁa/ |
jurâmes /ʒy.ʁam/ |
jurâtes /ʒy.ʁat/ |
jurèrent /ʒy.ʁɛʁ/ | |
| future | jurerai /ʒy.ʁə.ʁe/ |
jureras /ʒy.ʁə.ʁa/ |
jurera /ʒy.ʁə.ʁa/ |
jurerons /ʒy.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
jurerez /ʒy.ʁə.ʁe/ |
jureront /ʒy.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | jurerais /ʒy.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
jurerais /ʒy.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
jurerait /ʒy.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
jurerions /ʒy.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
jureriez /ʒy.ʁə.ʁje/ |
jureraient /ʒy.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | jure /ʒyʁ/ |
jures /ʒyʁ/ |
jure /ʒyʁ/ |
jurions /ʒy.ʁjɔ̃/ |
juriez /ʒy.ʁje/ |
jurent /ʒyʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | jurasse /ʒy.ʁas/ |
jurasses /ʒy.ʁas/ |
jurât /ʒy.ʁa/ |
jurassions /ʒy.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
jurassiez /ʒy.ʁa.sje/ |
jurassent /ʒy.ʁas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | jure /ʒyʁ/ |
— | jurons /ʒy.ʁɔ̃/ |
jurez /ʒy.ʁe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- ennemi juré
- jurer comme un charretier
- jurer fidélité
- jurer ses grands dieux
- promis juré
- promis, juré, craché
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “jurer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin
[edit]Verb
[edit]jūrer
Middle English
[edit]Noun
[edit]jurer
- Alternative form of jurour
Old French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First known attestation 842 as jurat in the Oaths of Strasbourg. From Latin jūrāre, iūrāre (“swear or take an oath”).
Verb
[edit]jurer
- to promise; to swear
- c. 1170, Christian of Troyes, Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion:
- Jusque on li jure et fiant
C'on fera toute sa puissance[.]- Until they promised her
That they would do all they could.
- Until they promised her
Conjugation
[edit]This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of jurer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | jurer | avoir juré | |||||
| gerund | en jurant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | jurant | ||||||
| past participle | juré | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | jur | jures | jure | jurons | jurez | jurent |
| imperfect | juroie, jureie, juroe, jureve | juroies, jureies, juroes, jureves | juroit, jureit, jurot, jureve | juriiens, juriens | juriiez, juriez | juroient, jureient, juroent, jurevent | |
| preterite | jurai | juras | jura | jurames | jurastes | jurerent | |
| future | jurerai | jureras | jurera | jurerons | jureroiz, jurereiz, jurerez | jureront | |
| conditional | jureroie, jurereie | jureroies, jurereies | jureroit, jurereit | jureriiens, jureriens | jureriiez, jureriez | jureroient, jurereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | jur | jurs | jurt | jurons | jurez | jurent |
| imperfect | jurasse | jurasses | jurast | jurissons, jurissiens | jurissoiz, jurissez, jurissiez | jurassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | jure | — | jurons | jurez | — | ||
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Categories:
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- French terms derived from Proto-Italic
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French verbs with conjugation -er
- French first group verbs
- French contranyms
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin verb forms
- Latin terms spelled with J
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French terms with quotations
- Old French verbs with weak-a preterite
- Old French first group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -er