jꜣbtj

Egyptian

Etymology

jꜣbt (“east, left”) +‎ -j (nisba ending).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /jaˈʀibtij/ → /jaˈʀibtij/ → /ʔəˈjebtə/ → /ʔəˈjeβt/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /jaˈʀibtij/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /jaˈʀibtij/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔəˈjebtə/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔəˈjeβt/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iɑbti/
  • Conventional anglicization: iabti

Adjective

1. eastern
2. left-hand, left (direction)

Inflection

Declension of jꜣbtj (nisba adjective)

	masculine	feminine
singular	jꜣbtj	jꜣbtt
dual	jꜣbtjwj, jꜣbtwj	jꜣbttj
plural	jꜣbtjw, jꜣbtw	jꜣbtwt1, jꜣbtt2
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣbtj  

jꜣbtj	jꜣbtj	jꜣbtj	jꜣbtj	jꜣbtj
		[New Kingdom]

Synonyms

• jꜣbj

Antonyms

• jmntj
• jmn

Derived terms

• jꜣbtt
• jꜣbtjw

Noun

 m

1. east, the East
2. eastern side (of something)

Alternative forms

See under the adjective above.

Descendants

• Demotic: jꜣbṱ
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲉⲃⲧ (iebt), ⲉⲓⲉⲃⲧ (eiebt)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲉⲃⲧ (eiebt), ⲉⲉⲓⲃⲧ (eeibt)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓⲏϥⲧ (iēft), ⲁⲓⲏⲃⲧ (aiēbt)
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲃⲧ (eibt)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲉⲓⲃⲧⲉ (eibte)
  • → Ancient Greek: -ιευθης (-ieuthēs), -εγεβθης (-egebthēs)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 30.16–31.3
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 8
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 455.
• Vycichl, Werner (1983) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, →ISBN, page 40