jēls
Appearance
Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Baltic *jel-, from Proto-Indo-European *yel- (“not ready, not processed”). Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal jė̃las (“unsalted, not sour, sweet, fresh”) (a possible borrowing from Latvian).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]jēls (definite jēlais, comparative jēlāks, superlative visjēlākais, adverb jēli)
- raw (not cooked, roasted, baked, fried, or affected by any food preparation process)
- jēla gaļa ― raw meat
- jēlas olas ― raw eggs
- jēlu zivju smaka man bija pretīga ― the smell of raw fish was disgusting to me
- skaties, te ir arī olas... tikai nevar zināt, vārītas vai jēlas ― look, there are also eggs... but you can't tell if they are cooked or raw
- raw, sore (bruised or irritated from abrasion or constant rubbing, pressure) (of skin)
- mugura un sāni slimniekam no ilgas gulēšanas bija jēli ― the back and the sides of the patient were raw from lying too long
- Voldis pamanīja, ka labās rokas pirkstu locītavas cīņā nobrāztas jēlas... pirksti bija aplipuši asinīm ― Voldis noticed that (his) right hand finger joints were bruised raw in the fight... (his) fingers were sticky with blood
- humid, wet, miry, boggy, putrid (of land, soil)
- es gāju steidzīgi, ūdens šļakstēja zem manām kajām, kaut kur kurpes iegrima jēlos dubļos ― I went hurriedly, the water made noises under my feet, somewhere (my) shoes sank into raw mud
- viņš dzina automašīnu pa jēliem, izmirkušiem ceļiem ― he drove the car on miry, wet roads
- degunā iesitās sasmakušā ūdens smirdoņa, bet rokām apvijās jēlas un sapuvušas ūdenszāles ― the stale water stink hit (his) nose, and (his) hands were entangled in raw, rotten algae
- (of words, expressions) raw, crude, rude, offensive, impolite
- jēli vārdi ― raw, crude words
- lietot jēlu izteicienu ― to use a rude, impolite expression
- pārcēlājs lietoja tik jēlu valodu, ka ratos sēdētājas sievas sarka ― the ferryman used such raw language that the women sitting in the chariot blushed
- romānists Alksnis nu varēja sākt stāstīt savas pikantās anekdotes... cigāru mutē, viņš atlaidās klubkrēslā un tīksminājās ar visjēlākām asprātībām ― the novelist Alksnis could begin telling his spicy anecdotes... with a cigar in his mouth, he sat on the armchair and delighted himself with the rawest, crudest witticisms
- (colloquial) weak, feeble, clumsy
- tam jēli pirksti; viss krīt no rokām ārā ― he has raw (= weak, clumsy) fingers: everything falls off (his) hands
- tu gan esi jēls: līdz iziet ārā, tūliņ saaukstējas ― you are really raw (= weak, feeble): when you go out, you immediately catch a cold
Declension
[edit]indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of jēls
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
nominative (nominatīvs) | jēls | jēli | jēla | jēlas | |||||
genitive (ģenitīvs) | jēla | jēlu | jēlas | jēlu | |||||
dative (datīvs) | jēlam | jēliem | jēlai | jēlām | |||||
accusative (akuzatīvs) | jēlu | jēlus | jēlu | jēlas | |||||
instrumental (instrumentālis) | jēlu | jēliem | jēlu | jēlām | |||||
locative (lokatīvs) | jēlā | jēlos | jēlā | jēlās | |||||
vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “jēls”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Categories:
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with level intonation
- Latvian terms with audio pronunciation
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian adjectives
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian colloquialisms