hrista
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Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse hrista, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *krisd- (“to move about, frolic”), and cognate with Sanskrit क्रीड् (krīḍ, “to play”), but this is semantically tenuous.[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]hrista (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative hristi, supine hrist)
- (transitive, governs the accusative) to shake
- Ekki hrista barnið svona!
- Don't shake the kid like that!
Conjugation
[edit]hrista — active voice (germynd)
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að hrista | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
hrist | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
hristandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég hristi | við hristum | present (nútíð) |
ég hristi | við hristum |
þú hristir | þið hristið | þú hristir | þið hristið | ||
hann, hún, það hristir | þeir, þær, þau hrista | hann, hún, það hristi | þeir, þær, þau hristi | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég hristi | við hristum | past (þátíð) |
ég hristi | við hristum |
þú hristir | þið hristuð | þú hristir | þið hristuð | ||
hann, hún, það hristi | þeir, þær, þau hristu | hann, hún, það hristi | þeir, þær, þau hristu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
hrist (þú) | hristið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
hristu | hristiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að hristast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
hrist | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
hristandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég hristist | við hristumst | present (nútíð) |
ég hristist | við hristumst |
þú hristist | þið hristist | þú hristist | þið hristist | ||
hann, hún, það hristist | þeir, þær, þau hristast | hann, hún, það hristist | þeir, þær, þau hristist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég hristist | við hristumst | past (þátíð) |
ég hristist | við hristumst |
þú hristist | þið hristust | þú hristist | þið hristust | ||
hann, hún, það hristist | þeir, þær, þau hristust | hann, hún, það hristist | þeir, þær, þau hristust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
hrist (þú) | hristist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
hristu | hrististi * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
hristur — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
hristur | hrist | hrist | hristir | hristar | hrist | |
accusative (þolfall) |
hristan | hrista | hrist | hrista | hristar | hrist | |
dative (þágufall) |
hristum | hristri | hristu | hristum | hristum | hristum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
hrists | hristrar | hrists | hristra | hristra | hristra | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
hristi | hrista | hrista | hristu | hristu | hristu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
hrista | hristu | hrista | hristu | hristu | hristu | |
dative (þágufall) |
hrista | hristu | hrista | hristu | hristu | hristu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
hrista | hristu | hrista | hristu | hristu | hristu |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 413
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 279
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 281-2
Categories:
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
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- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɪsta
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɪsta/2 syllables
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