handhaben
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German hanthaben (1349). The earliest sense is “to keep, protect, maintain”, hence eventually a loan translation of Old French maintenir and/or Latin manūtenēre. The possible French origin and the earlier attestation of Middle Dutch hanthaven (1286) and Middle Low German handhafen (1330) suggest that the word may have been borrowed through these. The Germanic formation must be denominal, which is particularly obvious in the northern languages (where the verb “to have” is hebben), but is also seen in High German from the invariably regular conjugation. The nominal element may be Middle High German hanthabe (“haft, handle”), from Old High German hanthaba, anthaba (also Old Saxon handhava; Middle Dutch hanthave only attested 1490), but the semantics seem problematic. Alternatively a new compound from hant + Middle High German habe, Middle Dutch have (“possession, belongings”); cf. Middle High German hanthab (“stolen good”, ca. 1350).
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Verb
[edit]handhaben (weak, third-person singular present handhabt, past tense handhabte, past participle gehandhabt, auxiliary haben)
- to handle, wield, manipulate
- to manage, control, operate
- (obsolete, law) to protect someone; to enforce their rights
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | handhaben | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | handhabend | ||||
past participle | gehandhabt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich handhabe | wir handhaben | i | ich handhabe | wir handhaben |
du handhabst | ihr handhabt | du handhabest | ihr handhabet | ||
er handhabt | sie handhaben | er handhabe | sie handhaben | ||
preterite | ich handhabte | wir handhabten | ii | ich handhabte1 | wir handhabten1 |
du handhabtest | ihr handhabtet | du handhabtest1 | ihr handhabtet1 | ||
er handhabte | sie handhabten | er handhabte1 | sie handhabten1 | ||
imperative | handhab (du) handhabe (du) |
handhabt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Old French
- German terms derived from Latin
- German terms derived from Middle Dutch
- German terms derived from Middle Low German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German terms with obsolete senses
- de:Law