hꜣb

See also: ḫꜣb, and ḥꜣb

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈhaːʀab/ → /ˈhaːʀab/ → /ˈhaːʔəb/ → /ˈhoːʔəβ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈhaːʀab/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈhaːʀab/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈhaːʔəb/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈhoːʔəβ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɑb/
  • Conventional anglicization: hab

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to send (someone, e.g. on an errand) (+ r: to (some place))
2. (transitive) to send (word) (+ n: to (someone); + ḥr: about)

Inflection

Conjugation of hꜣb (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: hꜣb, geminated stem: hꜣbb

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
hꜣb	hꜣbw, hꜣb	hꜣbt	hꜣb	hꜣb

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
hꜣb	ḥr hꜣb	m hꜣb	r hꜣb

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	hꜣb.n	hꜣbw, hꜣb	consecutive	hꜣb.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	hꜣbt
perfective3	hꜣb	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	hꜣb.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	hꜣb	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	hꜣb	hꜣbb	potentialis1	hꜣb.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	hꜣb	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	hꜣb.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	hꜣb	active + .tj1, .tw2	hꜣb	hꜣb, hꜣbw5, hꜣby5
imperfective	hꜣb, hꜣby, hꜣbw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	hꜣb, hꜣbj6, hꜣby6	hꜣb, hꜣbw5
prospective	hꜣb, hꜣbtj7	—	hꜣbtj4, hꜣbt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Descendants

• Demotic: hb
  • Coptic: ϩⲱⲃ (hōb)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 221.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 42