hꜣb

See also: ḫꜣb and ḥꜣb

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈhaːʀab/ → /ˈhaːʀab/ → /ˈhaːʔəb/ → /ˈhoːʔəβ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈhaːʀab/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈhaːʀab/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈhaːʔəb/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈhoːʔəβ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɑb/
  • Conventional anglicization: hab

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to send (someone, e.g. on an errand) (+ r: to (some place))
2. (transitive) to send (word) (+ n: to (someone); + ḥr: about)

Inflection

Conjugation of hꜣb (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: hꜣb, geminated stem: hꜣbb

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural hꜣb hꜣbw, hꜣb hꜣbt hꜣb hꜣb ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 hꜣb ḥr hꜣb m hꜣb r hꜣb suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect hꜣb.n hꜣbw, hꜣb consecutive hꜣb.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative hꜣbt perfective3 hꜣb active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 hꜣb.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective hꜣb active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 hꜣb hꜣbb potentialis1 hꜣb.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive hꜣb active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect hꜣb.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective hꜣb active + .tj1, .tw2 hꜣb hꜣb, hꜣbw5, hꜣby5 imperfective hꜣb, hꜣby, hꜣbw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 hꜣb, hꜣbj6, hꜣby6 hꜣb, hꜣbw5 prospective hꜣb, hꜣbtj7 — hꜣbtj4, hꜣbt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Descendants

• Demotic: hb
  • Coptic: ϩⲱⲃ (hōb)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 221.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 42