gyve

English

Alternative forms

give

Etymology

From Middle English *give, *gyve (found only in plural gives, gyves (“shackles; fetters”)). Of uncertain origin, possibly from low dialect taking from Celtic; compare Welsh gefyn (“fetter, shackle”), Irish geibbionn (“fetters”), geimheal (“fetter, chain, shackle”). The modern pronunciation with /dʒ/ is due to the spelling.^[1]

The verb is from Middle English given, gyven (“to shackle”), from the noun.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaɪv/, /ɡaɪv/
Rhymes: -aɪv
Homophone: jive

Noun

gyve (plural gyves)

(literary) A shackle or fetter, especially for the leg.
- c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:
  […] I would have thee gone:
  And yet no further than a wanton’s bird;
  Who lets it hop a little from her hand,
  Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves,
  And with a silk thread plucks it back again,
  So loving-jealous of his liberty.
- 1845, William Lloyd Garrison, “The Triumph of Freedom”, in The Liberty Bell‎^[1], Boston: Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Fair, page 192:
  With head and heart and hand I’ll strive
  To break the rod, and rend the gyve,—
  The spoiler of his prey deprive,—
- 1973, Kyril Bonfiglioli, chapter 15, in Don’t Point That Thing at Me‎^[2], New York: The Overlook Press, published 2004, page 126:
  Our gyves were removed and our possessions returned to us, except for my Banker’s Special.

Verb

gyve (third-person singular simple present gyves, present participle gyving, simple past and past participle gyved)

To shackle, fetter, chain.
- 1856, Samuel Klinefelter Hoshour, Letters to Squire Pedant, in the East, page 13:
  Not gyved with connubial relations, I entered upon my migration entirely isolated, with the exception of a canine quadruped whose mordacious, latrant, lusorious, and venatic qualities, are without parity.
- 1864, “A Fast-Day at Foxden”, in Atlantic Monthly Journal‎^[3], HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2006:
  "Say, rather, to melt the iron links which gyve soul to body," said Clifton ...
- 2008, LD Brodsky, “A Devotee of the Southern Way of Making Love”, in Sheri L. Vadermolen, editor, The Complete Poems of Louis Daniel Brodsky: Volume Four, 1981-1985‎^[4], Time Being Books, →ISBN, page 419:
  Gyved to a squeaky swivel seat in my office, …

Derived terms

down-gyved

Translations

shackle

Bulgarian: оковавам (bg) (okovavam), сковавам (bg) (skovavam)
Russian: кандалы́ (ru) pl (kandalý), око́вы (ru) pl (okóvy), у́зы (ru) pl (úzy)

References

^ James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Gyve, sb.”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume IV (F–G), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1173, column 3.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

gyve (present tense gyv, past tense gauv, supine gove, past participle goven, present participle gyvande, imperative gyv)

Alternative form of gyva

[1] James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Gyve, sb.”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume IV (F–G), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1173, column 3.

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