gwastraffu
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ɡwasdˈrafɨ̞/, [ɡwastˈrafɨ̞]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ɡwasdˈrafi/, [ɡwastˈrafi]
Verb
[edit]gwastraffu (first-person singular present gwastraffaf)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | gwastraffaf | gwastreffi | gwastraffa | gwastraffwn | gwastreffwch, gwastraffwch | gwastraffant | gwastreffir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
gwastraffwn | gwastraffit | gwastraffai | gwastraffem | gwastraffech | gwastraffent | gwastreffid | |
| preterite | gwastreffais | gwastreffaist | gwastraffodd | gwastraffasom | gwastraffasoch | gwastraffasant | gwastraffwyd | |
| pluperfect | gwastraffaswn | gwastraffasit | gwastraffasai | gwastraffasem | gwastraffasech | gwastraffasent | gwastraffasid, gwastraffesid | |
| present subjunctive | gwastraffwyf | gwastreffych | gwastraffo | gwastraffom | gwastraffoch | gwastraffont | gwastraffer | |
| imperative | — | gwastraffa | gwastraffed | gwastraffwn | gwastreffwch, gwastraffwch | gwastraffent | gwastraffer | |
| verbal noun | gwastraffu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | gwastraffedig gwastraffadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | gwastraffa i, gwastraffaf i | gwastraffi di | gwastraffith o/e/hi, gwastraffiff e/hi | gwastraffwn ni | gwastraffwch chi | gwastraffan nhw |
| conditional | gwastraffwn i, gwastraffswn i | gwastraffet ti, gwastraffset ti | gwastraffai fo/fe/hi, gwastraffsai fo/fe/hi | gwastraffen ni, gwastraffsen ni | gwastraffech chi, gwastraffsech chi | gwastraffen nhw, gwastraffsen nhw |
| preterite | gwastraffais i, gwastraffes i | gwastraffaist ti, gwastraffest ti | gwastraffodd o/e/hi | gwastraffon ni | gwastraffoch chi | gwastraffon nhw |
| imperative | — | gwastraffa | — | — | gwastraffwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
[edit]| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
|---|---|---|---|
| gwastraffu | wastraffu | ngwastraffu | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwastraffu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies