guqula

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-gúqula

(transitive) to change
(transitive) to translate

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Related terms

-guquka

Zulu

Etymology

From the ideophone guqu.

Verb

-guqula

(transitive) to change, to alter
(transitive) to turn around, to turn over

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuguqula
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuguqula	ukungaguquli
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	guqula	-guqule
Plural	guqulani	-guquleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaguqula, ngiguqula	engiguqulayo, engiguqula	ngiguqula	angiguquli	engingaguquli	ngingaguquli
2nd singular	uyaguqula, uguqula	oguqulayo, oguqula	uguqula	awuguquli	ongaguquli	ungaguquli
1st plural	siyaguqula, siguqula	esiguqulayo, esiguqula	siguqula	asiguquli	esingaguquli	singaguquli
2nd plural	niyaguqula, niguqula	eniguqulayo, eniguqula	niguqula	aniguquli	eningaguquli	ningaguquli
Class 1	uyaguqula, uguqula	oguqulayo, oguqula	eguqula	akaguquli	ongaguquli	engaguquli
Class 2	bayaguqula, baguqula	abaguqulayo, abaguqula	beguqula	abaguquli	abangaguquli	bengaguquli
Class 3	uyaguqula, uguqula	oguqulayo, oguqula	uguqula	awuguquli	ongaguquli	ungaguquli
Class 4	iyaguqula, iguqula	eguqulayo, eguqula	iguqula	ayiguquli	engaguquli	ingaguquli
Class 5	liyaguqula, liguqula	eliguqulayo, eliguqula	liguqula	aliguquli	elingaguquli	lingaguquli
Class 6	ayaguqula, aguqula	aguqulayo, aguqula	eguqula	awaguquli	angaguquli	engaguquli
Class 7	siyaguqula, siguqula	esiguqulayo, esiguqula	siguqula	asiguquli	esingaguquli	singaguquli
Class 8	ziyaguqula, ziguqula	eziguqulayo, eziguqula	ziguqula	aziguquli	ezingaguquli	zingaguquli
Class 9	iyaguqula, iguqula	eguqulayo, eguqula	iguqula	ayiguquli	engaguquli	ingaguquli
Class 10	ziyaguqula, ziguqula	eziguqulayo, eziguqula	ziguqula	aziguquli	ezingaguquli	zingaguquli
Class 11	luyaguqula, luguqula	oluguqulayo, oluguqula	luguqula	aluguquli	olungaguquli	lungaguquli
Class 14	buyaguqula, buguqula	obuguqulayo, obuguqula	buguqula	abuguquli	obungaguquli	bungaguquli
Class 15	kuyaguqula, kuguqula	okuguqulayo, okuguqula	kuguqula	akuguquli	okungaguquli	kungaguquli
Class 17	kuyaguqula, kuguqula	okuguqulayo, okuguqula	kuguqula	akuguquli	okungaguquli	kungaguquli
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiguqulile, ngiguqulē	engiguqulile, engiguqulē	ngiguqulile, ngiguqulē	angiguqulanga	engingaguqulanga	ngingaguqulanga
2nd singular	uguqulile, uguqulē	oguqulile, oguqulē	uguqulile, uguqulē	awuguqulanga	ongaguqulanga	ungaguqulanga
1st plural	siguqulile, siguqulē	esiguqulile, esiguqulē	siguqulile, siguqulē	asiguqulanga	esingaguqulanga	singaguqulanga
2nd plural	niguqulile, niguqulē	eniguqulile, eniguqulē	niguqulile, niguqulē	aniguqulanga	eningaguqulanga	ningaguqulanga
Class 1	uguqulile, uguqulē	oguqulile, oguqulē	eguqulile, eguqulē	akaguqulanga	ongaguqulanga	engaguqulanga
Class 2	baguqulile, baguqulē	abaguqulile, abaguqulē	beguqulile, beguqulē	abaguqulanga	abangaguqulanga	bengaguqulanga
Class 3	uguqulile, uguqulē	oguqulile, oguqulē	uguqulile, uguqulē	awuguqulanga	ongaguqulanga	ungaguqulanga
Class 4	iguqulile, iguqulē	eguqulile, eguqulē	iguqulile, iguqulē	ayiguqulanga	engaguqulanga	ingaguqulanga
Class 5	liguqulile, liguqulē	eliguqulile, eliguqulē	liguqulile, liguqulē	aliguqulanga	elingaguqulanga	lingaguqulanga
Class 6	aguqulile, aguqulē	aguqulile, aguqulē	eguqulile, eguqulē	awaguqulanga	angaguqulanga	engaguqulanga
Class 7	siguqulile, siguqulē	esiguqulile, esiguqulē	siguqulile, siguqulē	asiguqulanga	esingaguqulanga	singaguqulanga
Class 8	ziguqulile, ziguqulē	eziguqulile, eziguqulē	ziguqulile, ziguqulē	aziguqulanga	ezingaguqulanga	zingaguqulanga
Class 9	iguqulile, iguqulē	eguqulile, eguqulē	iguqulile, iguqulē	ayiguqulanga	engaguqulanga	ingaguqulanga
Class 10	ziguqulile, ziguqulē	eziguqulile, eziguqulē	ziguqulile, ziguqulē	aziguqulanga	ezingaguqulanga	zingaguqulanga
Class 11	luguqulile, luguqulē	oluguqulile, oluguqulē	luguqulile, luguqulē	aluguqulanga	olungaguqulanga	lungaguqulanga
Class 14	buguqulile, buguqulē	obuguqulile, obuguqulē	buguqulile, buguqulē	abuguqulanga	obungaguqulanga	bungaguqulanga
Class 15	kuguqulile, kuguqulē	okuguqulile, okuguqulē	kuguqulile, kuguqulē	akuguqulanga	okungaguqulanga	kungaguqulanga
Class 17	kuguqulile, kuguqulē	okuguqulile, okuguqulē	kuguqulile, kuguqulē	akuguqulanga	okungaguqulanga	kungaguqulanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāguqula	engāguqula	ngāguqula	angiguqulanga	engingaguqulanga	ngingaguqulanga
2nd singular	wāguqula	owāguqula	wāguqula	awuguqulanga	ongaguqulanga	ungaguqulanga
1st plural	sāguqula	esāguqula	sāguqula	asiguqulanga	esingaguqulanga	singaguqulanga
2nd plural	nāguqula	enāguqula	nāguqula	aniguqulanga	eningaguqulanga	ningaguqulanga
Class 1	wāguqula	owāguqula	āguqula	akaguqulanga	ongaguqulanga	engaguqulanga
Class 2	bāguqula	abāguqula	bāguqula	abaguqulanga	abangaguqulanga	bengaguqulanga
Class 3	wāguqula	owāguqula	wāguqula	awuguqulanga	ongaguqulanga	ungaguqulanga
Class 4	yāguqula	eyāguqula	yāguqula	ayiguqulanga	engaguqulanga	ingaguqulanga
Class 5	lāguqula	elāguqula	lāguqula	aliguqulanga	elingaguqulanga	lingaguqulanga
Class 6	āguqula	āguqula	āguqula	awaguqulanga	angaguqulanga	engaguqulanga
Class 7	sāguqula	esāguqula	sāguqula	asiguqulanga	esingaguqulanga	singaguqulanga
Class 8	zāguqula	ezāguqula	zāguqula	aziguqulanga	ezingaguqulanga	zingaguqulanga
Class 9	yāguqula	eyāguqula	yāguqula	ayiguqulanga	engaguqulanga	ingaguqulanga
Class 10	zāguqula	ezāguqula	zāguqula	aziguqulanga	ezingaguqulanga	zingaguqulanga
Class 11	lwāguqula	olwāguqula	lwāguqula	aluguqulanga	olungaguqulanga	lungaguqulanga
Class 14	bāguqula	obāguqula	bāguqula	abuguqulanga	obungaguqulanga	bungaguqulanga
Class 15	kwāguqula	okwāguqula	kwāguqula	akuguqulanga	okungaguqulanga	kungaguqulanga
Class 17	kwāguqula	okwāguqula	kwāguqula	akuguqulanga	okungaguqulanga	kungaguqulanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaguqula	—	ngingaguqula	ngingeguqule	—	ngingeguqule
2nd singular	ungaguqula	—	ungaguqula	ungeguqule	—	ungeguqule
1st plural	singaguqula	—	singaguqula	singeguqule	—	singeguqule
2nd plural	ningaguqula	—	ningaguqula	ningeguqule	—	ningeguqule
Class 1	angaguqula	—	engaguqula	angeguqule	—	engeguqule
Class 2	bangaguqula	—	bengaguqula	bangeguqule	—	bengeguqule
Class 3	ungaguqula	—	ungaguqula	ungeguqule	—	ungeguqule
Class 4	ingaguqula	—	ingaguqula	ingeguqule	—	ingeguqule
Class 5	lingaguqula	—	lingaguqula	lingeguqule	—	lingeguqule
Class 6	angaguqula	—	engaguqula	angeguqule	—	engeguqule
Class 7	singaguqula	—	singaguqula	singeguqule	—	singeguqule
Class 8	zingaguqula	—	zingaguqula	zingeguqule	—	zingeguqule
Class 9	ingaguqula	—	ingaguqula	ingeguqule	—	ingeguqule
Class 10	zingaguqula	—	zingaguqula	zingeguqule	—	zingeguqule
Class 11	lungaguqula	—	lungaguqula	lungeguqule	—	lungeguqule
Class 14	bungaguqula	—	bungaguqula	bungeguqule	—	bungeguqule
Class 15	kungaguqula	—	kungaguqula	kungeguqule	—	kungeguqule
Class 17	kungaguqula	—	kungaguqula	kungeguqule	—	kungeguqule
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoguqula	engizoguqula	ngizoguqula	angizuguqula	engingezuguqula	ngingezuguqula
2nd singular	uzoguqula	ozoguqula	uzoguqula	awuzuguqula	ongezuguqula	ungezuguqula
1st plural	sizoguqula	esizoguqula	sizoguqula	asizuguqula	esingezuguqula	singezuguqula
2nd plural	nizoguqula	enizoguqula	nizoguqula	anizuguqula	eningezuguqula	ningezuguqula
Class 1	uzoguqula	ozoguqula	ezoguqula	akazuguqula	ongezuguqula	engezuguqula
Class 2	bazoguqula	abazoguqula	bezoguqula	abazuguqula	abangezuguqula	bengezuguqula
Class 3	uzoguqula	ozoguqula	uzoguqula	awuzuguqula	ongezuguqula	ungezuguqula
Class 4	izoguqula	ezoguqula	izoguqula	ayizuguqula	engezuguqula	ingezuguqula
Class 5	lizoguqula	elizoguqula	lizoguqula	alizuguqula	elingezuguqula	lingezuguqula
Class 6	azoguqula	azoguqula	ezoguqula	awazuguqula	angezuguqula	engezuguqula
Class 7	sizoguqula	esizoguqula	sizoguqula	asizuguqula	esingezuguqula	singezuguqula
Class 8	zizoguqula	ezizoguqula	zizoguqula	azizuguqula	ezingezuguqula	zingezuguqula
Class 9	izoguqula	ezoguqula	izoguqula	ayizuguqula	engezuguqula	ingezuguqula
Class 10	zizoguqula	ezizoguqula	zizoguqula	azizuguqula	ezingezuguqula	zingezuguqula
Class 11	luzoguqula	oluzoguqula	luzoguqula	aluzuguqula	olungezuguqula	lungezuguqula
Class 14	buzoguqula	obuzoguqula	buzoguqula	abuzuguqula	obungezuguqula	bungezuguqula
Class 15	kuzoguqula	okuzoguqula	kuzoguqula	akuzuguqula	okungezuguqula	kungezuguqula
Class 17	kuzoguqula	okuzoguqula	kuzoguqula	akuzuguqula	okungezuguqula	kungezuguqula
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoguqula	engiyoguqula	ngiyoguqula	angiyuguqula	engingeyuguqula	ngingeyuguqula
2nd singular	uyoguqula	oyoguqula	uyoguqula	awuyuguqula	ongeyuguqula	ungeyuguqula
1st plural	siyoguqula	esiyoguqula	siyoguqula	asiyuguqula	esingeyuguqula	singeyuguqula
2nd plural	niyoguqula	eniyoguqula	niyoguqula	aniyuguqula	eningeyuguqula	ningeyuguqula
Class 1	uyoguqula	oyoguqula	eyoguqula	akayuguqula	ongeyuguqula	engeyuguqula
Class 2	bayoguqula	abayoguqula	beyoguqula	abayuguqula	abangeyuguqula	bengeyuguqula
Class 3	uyoguqula	oyoguqula	uyoguqula	awuyuguqula	ongeyuguqula	ungeyuguqula
Class 4	iyoguqula	eyoguqula	iyoguqula	ayiyuguqula	engeyuguqula	ingeyuguqula
Class 5	liyoguqula	eliyoguqula	liyoguqula	aliyuguqula	elingeyuguqula	lingeyuguqula
Class 6	ayoguqula	ayoguqula	eyoguqula	awayuguqula	angeyuguqula	engeyuguqula
Class 7	siyoguqula	esiyoguqula	siyoguqula	asiyuguqula	esingeyuguqula	singeyuguqula
Class 8	ziyoguqula	eziyoguqula	ziyoguqula	aziyuguqula	ezingeyuguqula	zingeyuguqula
Class 9	iyoguqula	eyoguqula	iyoguqula	ayiyuguqula	engeyuguqula	ingeyuguqula
Class 10	ziyoguqula	eziyoguqula	ziyoguqula	aziyuguqula	ezingeyuguqula	zingeyuguqula
Class 11	luyoguqula	oluyoguqula	luyoguqula	aluyuguqula	olungeyuguqula	lungeyuguqula
Class 14	buyoguqula	obuyoguqula	buyoguqula	abuyuguqula	obungeyuguqula	bungeyuguqula
Class 15	kuyoguqula	okuyoguqula	kuyoguqula	akuyuguqula	okungeyuguqula	kungeyuguqula
Class 17	kuyoguqula	okuyoguqula	kuyoguqula	akuyuguqula	okungeyuguqula	kungeyuguqula
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiguqule	ngingaguquli
2nd singular	uguqule	ungaguquli
1st plural	siguqule	singaguquli
2nd plural	niguqule	ningaguquli
Class 1	aguqule	angaguquli
Class 2	baguqule	bangaguquli
Class 3	uguqule	ungaguquli
Class 4	iguqule	ingaguquli
Class 5	liguqule	lingaguquli
Class 6	aguqule	angaguquli
Class 7	siguqule	singaguquli
Class 8	ziguqule	zingaguquli
Class 9	iguqule	ingaguquli
Class 10	ziguqule	zingaguquli
Class 11	luguqule	lungaguquli
Class 14	buguqule	bungaguquli
Class 15	kuguqule	kungaguquli
Class 17	kuguqule	kungaguquli
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaguqula	ngangaguqula, angaguqula, angangaguqula
2nd singular	waguqula	wangaguqula, awaguqula, awangaguqula
1st plural	saguqula	sangaguqula, asaguqula, asangaguqula
2nd plural	naguqula	nangaguqula, anaguqula, anangaguqula
Class 1	waguqula	wangaguqula, akaguqula, akangaguqula
Class 2	baguqula	bangaguqula, abaguqula, abangaguqula
Class 3	waguqula	wangaguqula, awaguqula, awangaguqula
Class 4	yaguqula	yangaguqula, ayaguqula, ayangaguqula
Class 5	laguqula	langaguqula, alaguqula, alangaguqula
Class 6	aguqula	angaguqula, awaguqula, awangaguqula
Class 7	saguqula	sangaguqula, asaguqula, asangaguqula
Class 8	zaguqula	zangaguqula, azaguqula, azangaguqula
Class 9	yaguqula	yangaguqula, ayaguqula, ayangaguqula
Class 10	zaguqula	zangaguqula, azaguqula, azangaguqula
Class 11	lwaguqula	lwangaguqula, alwaguqula, alwangaguqula
Class 14	baguqula	bangaguqula, abaguqula, abangaguqula
Class 15	kwaguqula	kwangaguqula, akwaguqula, akwangaguqula
Class 17	kwaguqula	kwangaguqula, akwaguqula, akwangaguqula

Related terms

-guquka

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “guqula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “guqula (3.2.9)”