grezns
Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]There are diverging opinions on the origin of this word. It may possibly come from Proto-Baltic *grež-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreǵ-, *gʰerǵ-, from the stem *gʰer- (“to rub, to knead, to grate”) with an extra -ǵ. The semantic evolution would have been: “rubbed” > “polished, shiny” > “beautiful, gorgeous (having external shine, beauty).” Another possibility is that grezns is etymologically related to Russian кра́сный (krásnyj, “red; (dial.) beautiful”). Some specialists suggest that it may be a borrowing from Slavic. Cognates include Lithuanian gražùs (“pretty, beautiful, nice”), dialectal grãžnas.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]grezns (definite greznais, comparative greznāks, superlative visgreznākais, adverb grezni)
- (of objects, spaces) splendid, luxurious, magnificent
- grezns tērps ― luxurious costume
- greznas rotas ― magnificent jewelry
- grezna vāze ― luxurious vase
- apskatījām dodžu pili, kuras iekšiene bija pasakaini grezna, rotāta ar slavenu mākslinieku gleznām un freskām ― we visited the doges' palace, the inside of which was incredibly luxurious, decorated with famous artists' paintings and frescoes
- rich, luxurious (characterized by wealth; which expresses wealth)
- greznas viesības ― luxury party
- viņš kļuva grāmatvedis, kaut gan visvairāk kāroja greznu dzīvi ― he became an accountant, even though he longed most of all for a luxurious life
- (of people) richly, luxuriously dressed
- dāma grezna, balta, stalta, sasprādzēta... ― a magnificent lady, white, imposing, all buckled up...
- beautiful, bright, luxuriant, splendid (having bright colors, a beautiful shape)
- sevišķi skaistas, greznas un neparasti dažādas ir bulgāru rozes ― the Bulgarian roses are particularly beautiful, luxuriant and unusually varied
Declension
[edit]indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of grezns
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | grezns | grezni | grezna | greznas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | greznu | greznus | greznu | greznas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | grezna | greznu | greznas | greznu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | greznam | grezniem | greznai | greznām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | greznu | grezniem | greznu | greznām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | greznā | greznos | greznā | greznās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “grezns”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN