graph

See also: Graph and -graph

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Graph

Wikipedia

Etymology

Clipping of graphic formula. From 1878; verb from 1889.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɡɹɑːf/
(US, Northern England) IPA^(key): /ɡɹæf/
Audio (US): (file)
Rhymes: -ɑːf, -æf

Noun

graph (plural graphs)

(applied mathematics, statistics) A data chart (graphical representation of data) intended to illustrate the relationship between a set (or sets) of numbers (quantities, measurements or indicative numbers) and a reference set, whose elements are indexed to those of the former set(s) and may or may not be numbers.
Hyponyms: bar graph, line graph, pie graph
- 2012 March, Brian Hayes, “Pixels or Perish”, in American Scientist‎^[1], volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 19 February 2013, page 106:
  Drawings and pictures are more than mere ornaments in scientific discourse. Blackboard sketches, geological maps, diagrams of molecular structure, astronomical photographs, MRI images, the many varieties of statistical charts and graphs: These pictorial devices are indispensable tools for presenting evidence, for explaining a theory, for telling a story.
(mathematics) A set of points constituting a graphical representation of a real function; (formally) a set of tuples $(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{m},y)\in \mathbb {R} ^{m+1}$ $(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{m},y)\in \mathbb {R} ^{m+1}$ , where $y=f(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{m})$ $y=f(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{m})$ for a given function $f:\mathbb {R} ^{m}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$ $f:\mathbb {R} ^{m}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$ . See also Graph of a function on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- 1969 [MIT Press], Thomas Walsh, Randell Magee (translators), I. M. Gelfand, E. G. Glagoleva, E. E. Shnol, Functions and Graphs, 2002, Dover, page 19,
  Let us take any point of the first graph, for example, $\textstyle x={\frac {1}{2}},y={\frac {4}{5}}$ , that is, the point $\textstyle M_{1}({\frac {1}{2}},{\frac {4}{5}})$ .
(graph theory) A set of vertices (or nodes) connected together by edges; (formally) an ordered pair of sets $(V,E)$ $(V,E)$ , where the elements of $V$ $V$ are called vertices or nodes and $E$ $E$ is a set of pairs (called edges) of elements of $V$ $V$ . See also Graph (discrete mathematics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Hyponyms: directed graph, undirected graph, tree
- 1973, Edward Minieka (translator), Claude Berge, Graphs and Hypergraphs, Elsevier (North-Holland), [1970, Claude Berge, Graphes et Hypergraphes], page vii,
  Problems involving graphs first appeared in the mathematical folklore as puzzles (e.g. Königsberg bridge problem). Later, graphs appeared in electrical engineering (Kirchhof's Law), chemistry, psychology and economics before becoming a unified field of study.
- 1997, Fan R. K. Chung, Spectral Graph Theory, American Mathematical Society, page 1:
  Spectral graph theory has a long history. In the early days, matrix theory and linear algebra were used to analyze adjacency matrices of graphs. Algebraic methods are especially effective in treating graphs which are regular and symmetric.
(topology) A topological space which represents some graph (ordered pair of sets) and which is constructed by representing the vertices as points and the edges as copies of the real interval [0,1] (where, for any given edge, 0 and 1 are identified with the points representing the two vertices) and equipping the result with a particular topology called the graph topology.
Synonym: topological graph
- 2008, Unnamed translators (AMS), A. V. Alexeevski, S. M. Natanzon, Hurwitz Numbers for Regular Coverings of Surfaces by Seamed Surfaces and Cardy-Frobenius Algebras of Finite Groups, V. M. Buchstaber, I. M. Krichever (editors), Geometry, Topology, and Mathematical Physics: S.P. Novikov's Seminar, 2006-2007, American Mathematical Society, page 6,
  First, let us define its 1-dimensional analog, that is, a topological graph. A graph $\Delta$ is a 1-dimensional stratified topological space with finitely many 0-strata (vertices) and finitely many 1-strata (edges). […] A graph such that any vertex belongs to at least two half-edges we call an s-graph. Clearly the boundary $\partial \Omega$ of a surface $\Omega$ with marked points is an s-graph.
  
  A morphism of graphs $\varphi :\Delta '\rightarrow \Delta ''$ is a continuous epimorphic map of graphs compatible with the stratification; i.e., the restriction of $\varphi$ to any open 1-stratum (interior of an edge) of $\Delta '$ is a local (therefore, global) homeomorphism with appropriate open 1-stratum of $\Delta ''$ .
(category theory, of a morphism f) A morphism $\Gamma _{f}$ from the domain of $f$ to the product of the domain and codomain of $f$ , such that the first projection applied to $\Gamma _{f}$ equals the identity of the domain, and the second projection applied to $\Gamma _{f}$ is equal to $f$ .
(linguistics, typography) A graphical unit on the token-level, the abstracted fundamental shape of a character or letter as distinct from its ductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the instance-level) and as distinct by a grapheme on the type-level by not fundamentally distinguishing meaning.
Synonym: glyph
- 2003, J. Richard Andrews, Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, Revised Edition, University of Oklahoma Press, page 10:
  A graph is a token-level nondistinctive representation of a grapheme. It can differ from the other variants of its grapheme with regard to upper case, lower case, script, print, typeface style, typeface size, etc.

Usage notes

In mathematics, the graphical representation of a function sense is generally of interest only at an elementary level. Nevertheless, the term vertex-edge graph is sometimes used in educational texts to distinguish the graph theory sense.

Hyponyms

Derived terms for types of graph

See also Thesaurus:graph

Derived terms

some (unsorted) may be hyponyms

Related terms

Translations

chart — see chart

graph of a function

Afrikaans: grafiek
Albanian: grafik (sq) m
Arabic: مُخَطَّط بَيَانِيّ m (muḵaṭṭaṭ bayāniyy)
Armenian: գրաֆիկ (hy) (grafik)
Asturian: gráficu (ast) m
Azerbaijani: qrafik
Belarusian: гра́фік m (hráfik), дыягра́ма f (dyjahráma)
Bengali: গ্রাফ (graph)
Bulgarian: гра́фика (bg) f (gráfika), диагра́ма (bg) f (diagráma)
Burmese: ဂရပ် (my) (ga.rap)
Catalan: gràfic (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 圖表 / 图表 (zh) (túbiǎo)
Czech: graf (cs) m
Danish: graf (da) c
Dutch: grafiek (nl) f
Esperanto: grafeo
Estonian: graafik
Finnish: diagrammi (fi), kaaviokuva
French: graphique (fr) m
Galician: gráfico (gl) m
Georgian: გრაფიკი (grapiḳi)
German: Graph (de) m, Funktionsgraph m
Greek: γράφημα (el) n (gráfima)
Hebrew: גְּרָף (he) m (graf)
Hindi: लेखाचित्र m (lekhācitra), ग्राफ़ m (grāf)
Hungarian: ábra (hu), grafikon (hu)
Indonesian: grafik (id)
Irish: graf m
Italian: grafico (it) m
Japanese: グラフ (ja) (gurafu), 図表 (ja) (ずひょう, zuhyō)
Kazakh: график (grafik)
Khmer: ពិន្ទុរេខីយ (pintureikhəy)
Korean: 그래프 (ko) (geuraepeu), 도표(圖表) (dopyo)
Kyrgyz: график (ky) (grafik)
Lao: ເສັ້ນສະແດງ (sen sa dǣng), ກຣາຟ (ka rāp)
Latvian: grafs m, grafiks m
Lithuanian: grafas m, grafikas m
Macedonian: графико́н m (grafikón)
Malay: graf (ms)
Maori: kauwhata
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: график (mn) (grafik)

Mongolian: ᠭᠷᠠᠹᠢᠻ (ɣrafik)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: graf (no) m
Persian: نمودار (fa) (nemudâr), گراف (fa) (gerâf)
Polish: wykres (pl) m
Portuguese: gráfico (pt) m
Romanian: grafic (ro) n
Russian: гра́фик (ru) m (gráfik), диагра́мма (ru) f (diagrámma)
Scottish Gaelic: graf m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: гра̏ф m

Roman: grȁf (sh) m
Slovak: graf (sk) m
Slovene: graf m
Spanish: gráfico (es) m
Swahili: jedwali (sw)
Swedish: diagram (sv) n, graf (sv) c
Tagalog: talangguhit
Tajik: график (tg) (grafik)
Thai: กราฟ (th) (gráaf)
Turkish: grafik (tr)
Turkmen: grafik
Ukrainian: гра́фік m (hráfik), діагра́ма f (diahráma)
Urdu: گراف m (grāf)
Uzbek: grafik (uz)
Vietnamese: biểu đồ (vi)
Welsh: graff m

set of vertices connected by edges

Belarusian: граф m (hraf)
Bulgarian: граф m (graf)
Catalan: graf (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 圖 / 图 (zh) (tú), 圖表 / 图表 (zh) (túbiǎo)
Czech: graf (cs) m
Danish: graf (da) c
Dutch: graaf (nl) m
Finnish: verkko (fi), graafi (fi)
French: graphe (fr) m
German: Graph (de) m
Greek: γράφημα (el) n (gráfima), γράφος (el) m (gráfos)
Hebrew: גְּרָף (he) m (graf)
Hindi: लेखाचित्र m (lekhācitra)
Hungarian: gráf (hu)
Irish: graf m
Italian: grafo (it) m
Japanese: グラフ (ja) (gurafu), 図表 (ja) (ずひょう, zuhyō)
Korean: 그래프 (ko) (geuraepeu), 도표(圖表) (dopyo)
Polish: graf (pl)
Portuguese: grafo (pt) m
Romanian: graf (ro) n
Russian: граф (ru) m (graf)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: гра̏ф m

Roman: grȁf (sh) m
Slovak: graf (sk) m
Spanish: grafo (es) m
Swedish: graf (sv) c
Thai: กราฟ (th) (gráaf)
Ukrainian: граф m (hraf)
Vietnamese: biểu đồ (vi)

Verb

graph (third-person singular simple present graphs, present participle graphing, simple past and past participle graphed)

(transitive) To draw a graph, to record graphically.
- 2011, Carlton Mellick III, Crab Town, Portland: Eraserhead Press, →ISBN, page 8:
  When the doctor took the picture that was to be graphed onto Johnny’s balloon head, he suggested that Johnny make a normal face, without expressing any emotion. But Johnny didn’t like that idea. He’d rather look eternally cheerful than express nothing but apathy for the rest of his life.
(transitive, mathematics) To draw a graph of a function.

Synonyms

(draw a graph of): chart, plot

Translations

draw a graph of

Galician: debuxar un gráfico de
Irish: graf
Italian: graficare
Spanish: graficar (es)
Swedish: plotta (sv), rita diagram

References

^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “graph”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

Anagrams

phrag

[1] Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “graph”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

[1]