gorffen

Welsh

Etymology

From Old Welsh guor (“over”) +‎ phenn (“head”) (see penn). Cognate with Cornish gorfenna, Breton gourfennañ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡɔrfɛn/, (North Wales colloquial also) /ˈɡɔrfan/

Verb

gorffen (first-person singular present gorffennaf)

1. to end, finish, conclude

   Synonyms: bennu, cwpla, dibennu, diweddu

   Antonyms: cychwyn, dechrau

   Am faint o'r gloch mae'r ffilm yn gorffen?

   What time does the film finish?

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	gorffennaf	gorffenni	gorffen, gorffenna	gorffennwn	gorffennwch	gorffennant	gorffennir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	gorffennwn	gorffennit	gorffennai	gorffennem	gorffennech	gorffennent	gorffennid
preterite	gorffennais	gorffennaist	gorffennodd	gorffenasom	gorffenasoch	gorffenasant	gorffennwyd
pluperfect	gorffenaswn	gorffenasit	gorffenasai	gorffenasem	gorffenasech	gorffenasent	gorffenasid, gorffenesid
present subjunctive	gorffennwyf	gorffennych	gorffenno	gorffennom	gorffennoch	gorffennont	gorffenner
imperative	—	gorffen, gorffenna	gorffenned	gorffennwn	gorffennwch	gorffennent	gorffenner
verbal noun	gorffen
verbal adjectives	gorffenedig gorffenadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	gorffenna i, gorffennaf i	gorffenni di	gorffennith o/e/hi, gorffenniff e/hi	gorffennwn ni	gorffennwch chi	gorffennan nhw
conditional	gorffennwn i, gorffenswn i	gorffennet ti, gorffenset ti	gorffennai fo/fe/hi, gorffensai fo/fe/hi	gorffennen ni, gorffensen ni	gorffennech chi, gorffensech chi	gorffennen nhw, gorffensen nhw
preterite	gorffennais i, gorffennes i	gorffennaist ti, gorffennest ti	gorffennodd o/e/hi	gorffennon ni	gorffennoch chi	gorffennon nhw
imperative	—	gorffenna	—	—	gorffennwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

Mutated forms of gorffen

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
gorffen	orffen	ngorffen	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gorffen”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies