goian

Old English

Etymology

From the same root as Proto-Germanic *gawjaną with a different ablaut grade (-ō-) in the root. Compare *ġīeġan, ġēġan from Proto-West-Germanic *gauwjan. The weak class 2 formation (compare twēoġan, sċōġan) would correspond to the following reconstructions in linguistic stages ancestral to Old English: northern Ingvaeonic *gō(w)ōjan, Proto-West Germanic *gō(w)ōn, Proto-Germanic *gō(w)ōną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡoː.jɑn/

Verb

gōian (Anglian)

1. to sigh, groan; to lament
   • c. 800-930 [731], Bede, anonymous translator, Old English Translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People, translation of Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (in Latin), 88.15:

     ac he swiðe goað ⁊ geomrað hine swa gebundenne beon

     [original: sed ligatum se vehementer ingemiscat]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 800-930 [731], Bede, anonymous translator, Old English Translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People, translation of Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (in Latin), 88.17:

     goiende ⁊ geomriende cwæð

     [original: gemebat dicens]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Conjugation of gōian (weak class 2)

infinitive	gōian	gōienne
indicative mood	present tense	past tense
first person singular	gōiġe	gōode
second person singular	gōast	gōodest
third person singular	gōaþ	gōode
plural	gōiaþ	gōodon
subjunctive	present tense	past tense
singular	gōiġe	gōode
plural	gōiġen	gōoden
imperative
singular	gōa
plural	gōiaþ
participle	present	past
	gōiende	(ġe)gōod

Derived terms

• gōung

Related terms

• ġēġan

Further reading

• Thomas Miller, editor (1890), The Old English Version of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of The English People., volume 1, London, page l
• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “góian”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Hart, J. M. (1901) “Rhetoric in the Translation of Bede”, in An English Miscellany: Presented to Dr. Furnivall in Honour of His Seventy-Fifth Birthday, page 154
• Napier, A. S. (1906) “Contributions to Old English Phonology: Addenda”, in Transactions of the Philological Society, 1903-1906, page 346
• Anderson, John M. (1985) “The Status of Voiced Fricatives in Old English”, in Folia Linguistica Historica, volume 19 (of Folia Linguistica), 6 (of Folia Linguistica Historica), number 2, page 227: “In contracted verbs in particular, an original [j] can come to follow a back vowel (contra what is illustrated by (26.b)), whether a back or a front vowel follows: sceoġeað 'shoe', (verb) plural, goiende 'lamenting', -scoġen 'shoe', subjunctive plural (Campbell 1959: § 761 (7).”