gobti
Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Latvian gãbtiês (“snatch, grab”). There has been a lot of cross-contamination between phonetically and semantically similar terms, cf. gaũbti (“cover”), glóbti (“embrace”) and gróbti (“grab”), the latter of which is most likely the origin of the acute accentuation in this lemma. The original circumflex can be found in gãbana (“armful”), gabénti (“carry, transport”). This makes projecting a Proto-Balto-Slavic pre-form problematic.
If connected with Latin habeō (“have”), Old Irish gaibid (“take, seize”) then we may suggest a Proto-Indo-European root *gʰeh₁bʰ-. However, in view of the Lithuanian accentuation and Sanskrit गभस्ति (gábhasti-, “hand”), Rick Derksen suggests *gʰabʰ-, with Proto-Indo-European *a. Also compare Proto-Slavic *gabati (“seize”) and *xāpàti (“seize”), which also show unusual phonetic variation.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]góbti (third-person present tense góbia, third-person past tense góbė)
Declension
[edit]| singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
góbiu | góbi | góbia | góbiame, góbiam |
góbiate, góbiat |
góbia | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
góbiau | góbei | góbė | góbėme, góbėm |
góbėte, góbėt |
góbė | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
góbdavau | góbdavai | góbdavo | góbdavome, góbdavom |
góbdavote, góbdavot |
góbdavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) |
góbsiu | góbsi | góbs | góbsime, góbsim |
góbsite, góbsit |
góbs | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
góbčiau | góbtum | góbtų | góbtumėme, góbtumėm, góbtume |
góbtumėte, góbtumėt |
góbtų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | góbk, góbki |
tegóbia | góbkime, góbkim |
góbkite, góbkit |
tegóbia | ||
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | góbiąs, góbiantis | góbiamas | |
| past | góbęs | góbtas | |
| past frequentative | góbdavęs | — | |
| future | góbsiąs, góbsiantis | góbsimas | |
| participle of necessity | — | góbtinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | góbdamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | góbiant | |
| past | góbus | ||
| past frequentative | góbdavus | ||
| future | góbsiant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | góbte, góbtinai | ||
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 184