From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
-gáwúla
- to fell, to chop down
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
-gawúla
- (transitive) to fell, to chop down
Tone H
|
Infinitive
|
ukugawula
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukugawula
|
ukungagawuli
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
gawula
|
-gawule
|
Plural
|
gawulani
|
-gawuleni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyagawula, ngigawula
|
engigawulayo, engigawula
|
ngigawula
|
angigawuli
|
engingagawuli
|
ngingagawuli
|
2nd singular
|
uyagawula, ugawula
|
ogawulayo, ogawula
|
ugawula
|
awugawuli
|
ongagawuli
|
ungagawuli
|
1st plural
|
siyagawula, sigawula
|
esigawulayo, esigawula
|
sigawula
|
asigawuli
|
esingagawuli
|
singagawuli
|
2nd plural
|
niyagawula, nigawula
|
enigawulayo, enigawula
|
nigawula
|
anigawuli
|
eningagawuli
|
ningagawuli
|
Class 1
|
uyagawula, ugawula
|
ogawulayo, ogawula
|
egawula
|
akagawuli
|
ongagawuli
|
engagawuli
|
Class 2
|
bayagawula, bagawula
|
abagawulayo, abagawula
|
begawula
|
abagawuli
|
abangagawuli
|
bengagawuli
|
Class 3
|
uyagawula, ugawula
|
ogawulayo, ogawula
|
ugawula
|
awugawuli
|
ongagawuli
|
ungagawuli
|
Class 4
|
iyagawula, igawula
|
egawulayo, egawula
|
igawula
|
ayigawuli
|
engagawuli
|
ingagawuli
|
Class 5
|
liyagawula, ligawula
|
eligawulayo, eligawula
|
ligawula
|
aligawuli
|
elingagawuli
|
lingagawuli
|
Class 6
|
ayagawula, agawula
|
agawulayo, agawula
|
egawula
|
awagawuli
|
angagawuli
|
engagawuli
|
Class 7
|
siyagawula, sigawula
|
esigawulayo, esigawula
|
sigawula
|
asigawuli
|
esingagawuli
|
singagawuli
|
Class 8
|
ziyagawula, zigawula
|
ezigawulayo, ezigawula
|
zigawula
|
azigawuli
|
ezingagawuli
|
zingagawuli
|
Class 9
|
iyagawula, igawula
|
egawulayo, egawula
|
igawula
|
ayigawuli
|
engagawuli
|
ingagawuli
|
Class 10
|
ziyagawula, zigawula
|
ezigawulayo, ezigawula
|
zigawula
|
azigawuli
|
ezingagawuli
|
zingagawuli
|
Class 11
|
luyagawula, lugawula
|
olugawulayo, olugawula
|
lugawula
|
alugawuli
|
olungagawuli
|
lungagawuli
|
Class 14
|
buyagawula, bugawula
|
obugawulayo, obugawula
|
bugawula
|
abugawuli
|
obungagawuli
|
bungagawuli
|
Class 15
|
kuyagawula, kugawula
|
okugawulayo, okugawula
|
kugawula
|
akugawuli
|
okungagawuli
|
kungagawuli
|
Class 17
|
kuyagawula, kugawula
|
okugawulayo, okugawula
|
kugawula
|
akugawuli
|
okungagawuli
|
kungagawuli
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngigawulile, ngigawulē
|
engigawulile, engigawulē
|
ngigawulile, ngigawulē
|
angigawulanga
|
engingagawulanga
|
ngingagawulanga
|
2nd singular
|
ugawulile, ugawulē
|
ogawulile, ogawulē
|
ugawulile, ugawulē
|
awugawulanga
|
ongagawulanga
|
ungagawulanga
|
1st plural
|
sigawulile, sigawulē
|
esigawulile, esigawulē
|
sigawulile, sigawulē
|
asigawulanga
|
esingagawulanga
|
singagawulanga
|
2nd plural
|
nigawulile, nigawulē
|
enigawulile, enigawulē
|
nigawulile, nigawulē
|
anigawulanga
|
eningagawulanga
|
ningagawulanga
|
Class 1
|
ugawulile, ugawulē
|
ogawulile, ogawulē
|
egawulile, egawulē
|
akagawulanga
|
ongagawulanga
|
engagawulanga
|
Class 2
|
bagawulile, bagawulē
|
abagawulile, abagawulē
|
begawulile, begawulē
|
abagawulanga
|
abangagawulanga
|
bengagawulanga
|
Class 3
|
ugawulile, ugawulē
|
ogawulile, ogawulē
|
ugawulile, ugawulē
|
awugawulanga
|
ongagawulanga
|
ungagawulanga
|
Class 4
|
igawulile, igawulē
|
egawulile, egawulē
|
igawulile, igawulē
|
ayigawulanga
|
engagawulanga
|
ingagawulanga
|
Class 5
|
ligawulile, ligawulē
|
eligawulile, eligawulē
|
ligawulile, ligawulē
|
aligawulanga
|
elingagawulanga
|
lingagawulanga
|
Class 6
|
agawulile, agawulē
|
agawulile, agawulē
|
egawulile, egawulē
|
awagawulanga
|
angagawulanga
|
engagawulanga
|
Class 7
|
sigawulile, sigawulē
|
esigawulile, esigawulē
|
sigawulile, sigawulē
|
asigawulanga
|
esingagawulanga
|
singagawulanga
|
Class 8
|
zigawulile, zigawulē
|
ezigawulile, ezigawulē
|
zigawulile, zigawulē
|
azigawulanga
|
ezingagawulanga
|
zingagawulanga
|
Class 9
|
igawulile, igawulē
|
egawulile, egawulē
|
igawulile, igawulē
|
ayigawulanga
|
engagawulanga
|
ingagawulanga
|
Class 10
|
zigawulile, zigawulē
|
ezigawulile, ezigawulē
|
zigawulile, zigawulē
|
azigawulanga
|
ezingagawulanga
|
zingagawulanga
|
Class 11
|
lugawulile, lugawulē
|
olugawulile, olugawulē
|
lugawulile, lugawulē
|
alugawulanga
|
olungagawulanga
|
lungagawulanga
|
Class 14
|
bugawulile, bugawulē
|
obugawulile, obugawulē
|
bugawulile, bugawulē
|
abugawulanga
|
obungagawulanga
|
bungagawulanga
|
Class 15
|
kugawulile, kugawulē
|
okugawulile, okugawulē
|
kugawulile, kugawulē
|
akugawulanga
|
okungagawulanga
|
kungagawulanga
|
Class 17
|
kugawulile, kugawulē
|
okugawulile, okugawulē
|
kugawulile, kugawulē
|
akugawulanga
|
okungagawulanga
|
kungagawulanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāgawula
|
engāgawula
|
ngāgawula
|
angigawulanga
|
engingagawulanga
|
ngingagawulanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāgawula
|
owāgawula
|
wāgawula
|
awugawulanga
|
ongagawulanga
|
ungagawulanga
|
1st plural
|
sāgawula
|
esāgawula
|
sāgawula
|
asigawulanga
|
esingagawulanga
|
singagawulanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāgawula
|
enāgawula
|
nāgawula
|
anigawulanga
|
eningagawulanga
|
ningagawulanga
|
Class 1
|
wāgawula
|
owāgawula
|
āgawula
|
akagawulanga
|
ongagawulanga
|
engagawulanga
|
Class 2
|
bāgawula
|
abāgawula
|
bāgawula
|
abagawulanga
|
abangagawulanga
|
bengagawulanga
|
Class 3
|
wāgawula
|
owāgawula
|
wāgawula
|
awugawulanga
|
ongagawulanga
|
ungagawulanga
|
Class 4
|
yāgawula
|
eyāgawula
|
yāgawula
|
ayigawulanga
|
engagawulanga
|
ingagawulanga
|
Class 5
|
lāgawula
|
elāgawula
|
lāgawula
|
aligawulanga
|
elingagawulanga
|
lingagawulanga
|
Class 6
|
āgawula
|
āgawula
|
āgawula
|
awagawulanga
|
angagawulanga
|
engagawulanga
|
Class 7
|
sāgawula
|
esāgawula
|
sāgawula
|
asigawulanga
|
esingagawulanga
|
singagawulanga
|
Class 8
|
zāgawula
|
ezāgawula
|
zāgawula
|
azigawulanga
|
ezingagawulanga
|
zingagawulanga
|
Class 9
|
yāgawula
|
eyāgawula
|
yāgawula
|
ayigawulanga
|
engagawulanga
|
ingagawulanga
|
Class 10
|
zāgawula
|
ezāgawula
|
zāgawula
|
azigawulanga
|
ezingagawulanga
|
zingagawulanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāgawula
|
olwāgawula
|
lwāgawula
|
alugawulanga
|
olungagawulanga
|
lungagawulanga
|
Class 14
|
bāgawula
|
obāgawula
|
bāgawula
|
abugawulanga
|
obungagawulanga
|
bungagawulanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāgawula
|
okwāgawula
|
kwāgawula
|
akugawulanga
|
okungagawulanga
|
kungagawulanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāgawula
|
okwāgawula
|
kwāgawula
|
akugawulanga
|
okungagawulanga
|
kungagawulanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingagawula
|
—
|
ngingagawula
|
ngingegawule
|
—
|
ngingegawule
|
2nd singular
|
ungagawula
|
—
|
ungagawula
|
ungegawule
|
—
|
ungegawule
|
1st plural
|
singagawula
|
—
|
singagawula
|
singegawule
|
—
|
singegawule
|
2nd plural
|
ningagawula
|
—
|
ningagawula
|
ningegawule
|
—
|
ningegawule
|
Class 1
|
angagawula
|
—
|
engagawula
|
angegawule
|
—
|
engegawule
|
Class 2
|
bangagawula
|
—
|
bengagawula
|
bangegawule
|
—
|
bengegawule
|
Class 3
|
ungagawula
|
—
|
ungagawula
|
ungegawule
|
—
|
ungegawule
|
Class 4
|
ingagawula
|
—
|
ingagawula
|
ingegawule
|
—
|
ingegawule
|
Class 5
|
lingagawula
|
—
|
lingagawula
|
lingegawule
|
—
|
lingegawule
|
Class 6
|
angagawula
|
—
|
engagawula
|
angegawule
|
—
|
engegawule
|
Class 7
|
singagawula
|
—
|
singagawula
|
singegawule
|
—
|
singegawule
|
Class 8
|
zingagawula
|
—
|
zingagawula
|
zingegawule
|
—
|
zingegawule
|
Class 9
|
ingagawula
|
—
|
ingagawula
|
ingegawule
|
—
|
ingegawule
|
Class 10
|
zingagawula
|
—
|
zingagawula
|
zingegawule
|
—
|
zingegawule
|
Class 11
|
lungagawula
|
—
|
lungagawula
|
lungegawule
|
—
|
lungegawule
|
Class 14
|
bungagawula
|
—
|
bungagawula
|
bungegawule
|
—
|
bungegawule
|
Class 15
|
kungagawula
|
—
|
kungagawula
|
kungegawule
|
—
|
kungegawule
|
Class 17
|
kungagawula
|
—
|
kungagawula
|
kungegawule
|
—
|
kungegawule
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizogawula
|
engizogawula
|
ngizogawula
|
angizugawula
|
engingezugawula
|
ngingezugawula
|
2nd singular
|
uzogawula
|
ozogawula
|
uzogawula
|
awuzugawula
|
ongezugawula
|
ungezugawula
|
1st plural
|
sizogawula
|
esizogawula
|
sizogawula
|
asizugawula
|
esingezugawula
|
singezugawula
|
2nd plural
|
nizogawula
|
enizogawula
|
nizogawula
|
anizugawula
|
eningezugawula
|
ningezugawula
|
Class 1
|
uzogawula
|
ozogawula
|
ezogawula
|
akazugawula
|
ongezugawula
|
engezugawula
|
Class 2
|
bazogawula
|
abazogawula
|
bezogawula
|
abazugawula
|
abangezugawula
|
bengezugawula
|
Class 3
|
uzogawula
|
ozogawula
|
uzogawula
|
awuzugawula
|
ongezugawula
|
ungezugawula
|
Class 4
|
izogawula
|
ezogawula
|
izogawula
|
ayizugawula
|
engezugawula
|
ingezugawula
|
Class 5
|
lizogawula
|
elizogawula
|
lizogawula
|
alizugawula
|
elingezugawula
|
lingezugawula
|
Class 6
|
azogawula
|
azogawula
|
ezogawula
|
awazugawula
|
angezugawula
|
engezugawula
|
Class 7
|
sizogawula
|
esizogawula
|
sizogawula
|
asizugawula
|
esingezugawula
|
singezugawula
|
Class 8
|
zizogawula
|
ezizogawula
|
zizogawula
|
azizugawula
|
ezingezugawula
|
zingezugawula
|
Class 9
|
izogawula
|
ezogawula
|
izogawula
|
ayizugawula
|
engezugawula
|
ingezugawula
|
Class 10
|
zizogawula
|
ezizogawula
|
zizogawula
|
azizugawula
|
ezingezugawula
|
zingezugawula
|
Class 11
|
luzogawula
|
oluzogawula
|
luzogawula
|
aluzugawula
|
olungezugawula
|
lungezugawula
|
Class 14
|
buzogawula
|
obuzogawula
|
buzogawula
|
abuzugawula
|
obungezugawula
|
bungezugawula
|
Class 15
|
kuzogawula
|
okuzogawula
|
kuzogawula
|
akuzugawula
|
okungezugawula
|
kungezugawula
|
Class 17
|
kuzogawula
|
okuzogawula
|
kuzogawula
|
akuzugawula
|
okungezugawula
|
kungezugawula
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyogawula
|
engiyogawula
|
ngiyogawula
|
angiyugawula
|
engingeyugawula
|
ngingeyugawula
|
2nd singular
|
uyogawula
|
oyogawula
|
uyogawula
|
awuyugawula
|
ongeyugawula
|
ungeyugawula
|
1st plural
|
siyogawula
|
esiyogawula
|
siyogawula
|
asiyugawula
|
esingeyugawula
|
singeyugawula
|
2nd plural
|
niyogawula
|
eniyogawula
|
niyogawula
|
aniyugawula
|
eningeyugawula
|
ningeyugawula
|
Class 1
|
uyogawula
|
oyogawula
|
eyogawula
|
akayugawula
|
ongeyugawula
|
engeyugawula
|
Class 2
|
bayogawula
|
abayogawula
|
beyogawula
|
abayugawula
|
abangeyugawula
|
bengeyugawula
|
Class 3
|
uyogawula
|
oyogawula
|
uyogawula
|
awuyugawula
|
ongeyugawula
|
ungeyugawula
|
Class 4
|
iyogawula
|
eyogawula
|
iyogawula
|
ayiyugawula
|
engeyugawula
|
ingeyugawula
|
Class 5
|
liyogawula
|
eliyogawula
|
liyogawula
|
aliyugawula
|
elingeyugawula
|
lingeyugawula
|
Class 6
|
ayogawula
|
ayogawula
|
eyogawula
|
awayugawula
|
angeyugawula
|
engeyugawula
|
Class 7
|
siyogawula
|
esiyogawula
|
siyogawula
|
asiyugawula
|
esingeyugawula
|
singeyugawula
|
Class 8
|
ziyogawula
|
eziyogawula
|
ziyogawula
|
aziyugawula
|
ezingeyugawula
|
zingeyugawula
|
Class 9
|
iyogawula
|
eyogawula
|
iyogawula
|
ayiyugawula
|
engeyugawula
|
ingeyugawula
|
Class 10
|
ziyogawula
|
eziyogawula
|
ziyogawula
|
aziyugawula
|
ezingeyugawula
|
zingeyugawula
|
Class 11
|
luyogawula
|
oluyogawula
|
luyogawula
|
aluyugawula
|
olungeyugawula
|
lungeyugawula
|
Class 14
|
buyogawula
|
obuyogawula
|
buyogawula
|
abuyugawula
|
obungeyugawula
|
bungeyugawula
|
Class 15
|
kuyogawula
|
okuyogawula
|
kuyogawula
|
akuyugawula
|
okungeyugawula
|
kungeyugawula
|
Class 17
|
kuyogawula
|
okuyogawula
|
kuyogawula
|
akuyugawula
|
okungeyugawula
|
kungeyugawula
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngigawule
|
ngingagawuli
|
2nd singular
|
ugawule
|
ungagawuli
|
1st plural
|
sigawule
|
singagawuli
|
2nd plural
|
nigawule
|
ningagawuli
|
Class 1
|
agawule
|
angagawuli
|
Class 2
|
bagawule
|
bangagawuli
|
Class 3
|
ugawule
|
ungagawuli
|
Class 4
|
igawule
|
ingagawuli
|
Class 5
|
ligawule
|
lingagawuli
|
Class 6
|
agawule
|
angagawuli
|
Class 7
|
sigawule
|
singagawuli
|
Class 8
|
zigawule
|
zingagawuli
|
Class 9
|
igawule
|
ingagawuli
|
Class 10
|
zigawule
|
zingagawuli
|
Class 11
|
lugawule
|
lungagawuli
|
Class 14
|
bugawule
|
bungagawuli
|
Class 15
|
kugawule
|
kungagawuli
|
Class 17
|
kugawule
|
kungagawuli
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngagawula
|
ngangagawula, angagawula, angangagawula
|
2nd singular
|
wagawula
|
wangagawula, awagawula, awangagawula
|
1st plural
|
sagawula
|
sangagawula, asagawula, asangagawula
|
2nd plural
|
nagawula
|
nangagawula, anagawula, anangagawula
|
Class 1
|
wagawula
|
wangagawula, akagawula, akangagawula
|
Class 2
|
bagawula
|
bangagawula, abagawula, abangagawula
|
Class 3
|
wagawula
|
wangagawula, awagawula, awangagawula
|
Class 4
|
yagawula
|
yangagawula, ayagawula, ayangagawula
|
Class 5
|
lagawula
|
langagawula, alagawula, alangagawula
|
Class 6
|
agawula
|
angagawula, awagawula, awangagawula
|
Class 7
|
sagawula
|
sangagawula, asagawula, asangagawula
|
Class 8
|
zagawula
|
zangagawula, azagawula, azangagawula
|
Class 9
|
yagawula
|
yangagawula, ayagawula, ayangagawula
|
Class 10
|
zagawula
|
zangagawula, azagawula, azangagawula
|
Class 11
|
lwagawula
|
lwangagawula, alwagawula, alwangagawula
|
Class 14
|
bagawula
|
bangagawula, abagawula, abangagawula
|
Class 15
|
kwagawula
|
kwangagawula, akwagawula, akwangagawula
|
Class 17
|
kwagawula
|
kwangagawula, akwagawula, akwangagawula
|