futurus

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-. Kortlandt (1986:91) suggests that the short vowel in fu- (rather than long fū-) is more easily explained as descending not from *bʰuH- but from bʰHu- with regular laryngeal metathesis from bhuH-, per Werner Winter (1965:192).

Cognate with English be, Ancient Greek φύω (phúō), Sanskrit भवति (bhávati), Persian بودن (budan), Irish bí, among others. Also see be.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /fuˈtuː.rus/, [fʊˈt̪uːrʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /fuˈtu.rus/, [fuˈt̪uːrus]

Participle

futūrus (feminine futūra, neuter futūrum); first/second-declension participle

1. about to be, about to exist
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.297–298:

     [...] mōtūsque excēpit prīma futūrōs,
     omnia tūta timēns. [...].

     [...] and of her own intuition [Dido] knew first that [something] was about to happen, fearing everything, [however] safe.

2. (grammar) future
3. future active participle of sum.

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	futūrus	futūra	futūrum		futūrī	futūrae	futūra
Genitive	futūrī	futūrae	futūrī		futūrōrum	futūrārum	futūrōrum
Dative	futūrō		futūrō		futūrīs
Accusative	futūrum	futūram	futūrum		futūrōs	futūrās	futūra
Ablative	futūrō	futūrā	futūrō		futūrīs
Vocative	futūre	futūra	futūrum		futūrī	futūrae	futūra

Descendants

• Catalan: futur
• English: future
• Esperanto: futuro
• French: futur
• Galician: futuro
• Italian: futuro
• Piedmontese: futur
• Portuguese: futuro
• Sicilian: futuru
• Spanish: futuro

References

• “futurus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “futurus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• futurus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • for the future: in posterum; in futurum
    
  • to foresee the future: futura providere (not praevidere)
    
  • to foresee the far distant future: futura or casus futuros (multo ante) prospicere
    
  • to take no thought for the future: futura non cogitare, curare
    
  • to-day the 5th of September; tomorrow September the 5th: hodie qui est dies Non. Sept.; cras qui dies futurus est Non. Sept.
    
  • to foresee political events long before: longe prospicere futuros casus rei publicae (De Amic. 12. 40)