extraire
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French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Changed, based on the Latin root, from the original Old French estraire, from Vulgar Latin *extragere, from Latin extrahere.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]extraire
Conjugation
[edit]This verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -extray- root: *je extrayis, *que nous extrayissions etc. Forms using the 'a' endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms. The root -extrais- was used instead of -extray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.
Conjugation of extraire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | extraire | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | extrayant /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɑ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | extrait /ɛk.stʁɛ/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | extrais /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
extrais /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
extrait /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
extrayons /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɔ̃/ |
extrayez /ɛk.stʁɛ.je/ or /ɛk.stʁe.je/ |
extraient /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
| imperfect | extrayais /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɛ/ |
extrayais /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɛ/ |
extrayait /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɛ/ |
extrayions /ɛk.stʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
extrayiez /ɛk.stʁɛj.je/ |
extrayaient /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | extrayai /ɛk.stʁɛe/ |
extrayas /ɛk.stʁɛa/ |
extraya /ɛk.stʁɛa/ |
extrayâmes /ɛk.stʁɛam/ |
extrayâtes /ɛk.stʁɛat/ |
extrayèrent /ɛk.stʁɛɛʁ/ | |
| future | extrairai /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁe/ |
extrairas /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁa/ |
extraira /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁa/ |
extrairons /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɔ̃/ |
extrairez /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁe/ |
extrairont /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | extrairais /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɛ/ |
extrairais /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɛ/ |
extrairait /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɛ/ |
extrairions /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁjɔ̃/ |
extrairiez /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁje/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁje/ |
extrairaient /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | extraie /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
extraies /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
extraie /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
extrayions /ɛk.stʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
extrayiez /ɛk.stʁɛj.je/ |
extraient /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
| imperfect2 | extrayasse /ɛk.stʁɛas/ |
extrayasses /ɛk.stʁɛas/ |
extrayât /ɛk.stʁɛa/ |
extrayassions /ɛk.stʁɛa.sjɔ̃/ |
extrayassiez /ɛk.stʁɛa.sje/ |
extrayassent /ɛk.stʁɛas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | extrais /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
— | extrayons /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɔ̃/ |
extrayez /ɛk.stʁɛ.je/ or /ɛk.stʁe.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “extraire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.