exstinguo

Latin

Alternative forms

• extinguō

Etymology

From ex- +‎ stinguō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ekˈstin.ɡʷoː/, [ɛkˈs̠t̪ɪŋɡʷoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ekˈstin.ɡwo/, [ekˈst̪iŋɡwo]

Verb

exstinguō (present infinitive exstinguere, perfect active exstīnxī, supine exstīnctum); third conjugation

1. to quench, extinguish, put out
2. (figuratively) to destroy, kill, slay, abolish
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.682-683:

     “Exstīnxtī tē mēque, soror, populumque patrēsque
     Sīdoniōs urbemque tuam. [...]”

     “You have destroyed you and me both, sister, and the people, and the Sidonian fathers, and your city.”
     (Anna, grief-stricken, speaks in hyperbole to Dido. Syncopation: “exstīnxtī” for “exstīnx[is]tī.” “Populumque patrēsque” echoes the Roman phrase senatus populusque romanus.)

Conjugation

   Conjugation of exstinguō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	exstinguō	exstinguis	exstinguit	exstinguimus	exstinguitis	exstinguunt
	imperfect	exstinguēbam	exstinguēbās	exstinguēbat	exstinguēbāmus	exstinguēbātis	exstinguēbant
	future	exstinguam	exstinguēs	exstinguet	exstinguēmus	exstinguētis	exstinguent
	perfect	exstīnxī	exstīnxistī	exstīnxit	exstīnximus	exstīnxistis	exstīnxērunt, exstīnxēre
	pluperfect	exstīnxeram	exstīnxerās	exstīnxerat	exstīnxerāmus	exstīnxerātis	exstīnxerant
	future perfect	exstīnxerō	exstīnxeris	exstīnxerit	exstīnxerimus	exstīnxeritis	exstīnxerint
passive	present	exstinguor	exstingueris, exstinguere	exstinguitur	exstinguimur	exstinguiminī	exstinguuntur
	imperfect	exstinguēbar	exstinguēbāris, exstinguēbāre	exstinguēbātur	exstinguēbāmur	exstinguēbāminī	exstinguēbantur
	future	exstinguar	exstinguēris, exstinguēre	exstinguētur	exstinguēmur	exstinguēminī	exstinguentur
	perfect	exstīnctus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	exstīnctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	exstīnctus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	exstinguam	exstinguās	exstinguat	exstinguāmus	exstinguātis	exstinguant
imperfect	exstinguerem	exstinguerēs	exstingueret	exstinguerēmus	exstinguerētis	exstinguerent
perfect	exstīnxerim	exstīnxerīs	exstīnxerit	exstīnxerīmus	exstīnxerītis	exstīnxerint
pluperfect	exstīnxissem	exstīnxissēs	exstīnxisset	exstīnxissēmus	exstīnxissētis	exstīnxissent
passive	present	exstinguar	exstinguāris, exstinguāre	exstinguātur	exstinguāmur	exstinguāminī	exstinguantur
imperfect	exstinguerer	exstinguerēris, exstinguerēre	exstinguerētur	exstinguerēmur	exstinguerēminī	exstinguerentur
perfect	exstīnctus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	exstīnctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	exstingue	—	—	exstinguite	—
	future	—	exstinguitō	exstinguitō	—	exstinguitōte	exstinguuntō
passive	present	—	exstinguere	—	—	exstinguiminī	—
	future	—	exstinguitor	exstinguitor	—	—	exstinguuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		exstinguere	exstīnxisse	exstīnctūrum esse	exstinguī	exstīnctum esse	exstīnctum īrī
participles		exstinguēns	—	exstīnctūrus	—	exstīnctus	exstinguendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		exstinguendī	exstinguendō	exstinguendum	exstinguendō	exstīnctum	exstīnctū

Descendants

• Catalan: extingir
• English: extinguish
• Spanish: extinguir

References

• “exstinguo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “exstinguo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• exstinguo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• exstinguo in Georges, Karl Ernst, Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 1, Hahnsche Buchhandlung
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be cut off by sudden death: subita morte exstingui
    
  • to be forgotten, pass into oblivion: oblivione obrui, deleri, exstingui
    
  • to excite emotion: motus excitare in animo (opp. sedare, exstinguere)
    
  • to stifle, drown one's hatred: odium restinguere, exstinguere