From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
-éthuka
- to be startled
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
-ethúka
- (transitive, intransitive) to abuse, to insult, to swear at
Tone H
|
Infinitive
|
ukwethuka
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukwethuka
|
ukungethuki
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
yethuka
|
-ethuke
|
Plural
|
yethukani
|
-ethukeni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyethuka, ngethuka
|
engethukayo, engethuka
|
ngethuka
|
angethuki
|
engingethuki
|
ngingethuki
|
2nd singular
|
uyethuka, wethuka
|
owethukayo, owethuka
|
wethuka
|
awethuki
|
ongethuki
|
ungethuki
|
1st plural
|
siyethuka, sethuka
|
esethukayo, esethuka
|
sethuka
|
asethuki
|
esingethuki
|
singethuki
|
2nd plural
|
niyethuka, nethuka
|
enethukayo, enethuka
|
nethuka
|
anethuki
|
eningethuki
|
ningethuki
|
Class 1
|
uyethuka, wethuka
|
owethukayo, owethuka
|
ethuka
|
akethuki
|
ongethuki
|
engethuki
|
Class 2
|
bayethuka, bethuka
|
abethukayo, abethuka
|
bethuka
|
abethuki
|
abangethuki
|
bengethuki
|
Class 3
|
uyethuka, wethuka
|
owethukayo, owethuka
|
wethuka
|
awethuki
|
ongethuki
|
ungethuki
|
Class 4
|
iyethuka, yethuka
|
eyethukayo, eyethuka
|
yethuka
|
ayethuki
|
engethuki
|
ingethuki
|
Class 5
|
liyethuka, lethuka
|
elethukayo, elethuka
|
lethuka
|
alethuki
|
elingethuki
|
lingethuki
|
Class 6
|
ayethuka, ethuka
|
ethukayo, ethuka
|
ethuka
|
awethuki
|
angethuki
|
engethuki
|
Class 7
|
siyethuka, sethuka
|
esethukayo, esethuka
|
sethuka
|
asethuki
|
esingethuki
|
singethuki
|
Class 8
|
ziyethuka, zethuka
|
ezethukayo, ezethuka
|
zethuka
|
azethuki
|
ezingethuki
|
zingethuki
|
Class 9
|
iyethuka, yethuka
|
eyethukayo, eyethuka
|
yethuka
|
ayethuki
|
engethuki
|
ingethuki
|
Class 10
|
ziyethuka, zethuka
|
ezethukayo, ezethuka
|
zethuka
|
azethuki
|
ezingethuki
|
zingethuki
|
Class 11
|
luyethuka, lwethuka
|
olwethukayo, olwethuka
|
lwethuka
|
alwethuki
|
olungethuki
|
lungethuki
|
Class 14
|
buyethuka, bethuka
|
obethukayo, obethuka
|
bethuka
|
abethuki
|
obungethuki
|
bungethuki
|
Class 15
|
kuyethuka, kwethuka
|
okwethukayo, okwethuka
|
kwethuka
|
akwethuki
|
okungethuki
|
kungethuki
|
Class 17
|
kuyethuka, kwethuka
|
okwethukayo, okwethuka
|
kwethuka
|
akwethuki
|
okungethuki
|
kungethuki
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngethukile, ngethukē
|
engethukile, engethukē
|
ngethukile, ngethukē
|
angethukanga
|
engingethukanga
|
ngingethukanga
|
2nd singular
|
wethukile, wethukē
|
owethukile, owethukē
|
wethukile, wethukē
|
awethukanga
|
ongethukanga
|
ungethukanga
|
1st plural
|
sethukile, sethukē
|
esethukile, esethukē
|
sethukile, sethukē
|
asethukanga
|
esingethukanga
|
singethukanga
|
2nd plural
|
nethukile, nethukē
|
enethukile, enethukē
|
nethukile, nethukē
|
anethukanga
|
eningethukanga
|
ningethukanga
|
Class 1
|
wethukile, wethukē
|
owethukile, owethukē
|
ethukile, ethukē
|
akethukanga
|
ongethukanga
|
engethukanga
|
Class 2
|
bethukile, bethukē
|
abethukile, abethukē
|
bethukile, bethukē
|
abethukanga
|
abangethukanga
|
bengethukanga
|
Class 3
|
wethukile, wethukē
|
owethukile, owethukē
|
wethukile, wethukē
|
awethukanga
|
ongethukanga
|
ungethukanga
|
Class 4
|
yethukile, yethukē
|
eyethukile, eyethukē
|
yethukile, yethukē
|
ayethukanga
|
engethukanga
|
ingethukanga
|
Class 5
|
lethukile, lethukē
|
elethukile, elethukē
|
lethukile, lethukē
|
alethukanga
|
elingethukanga
|
lingethukanga
|
Class 6
|
ethukile, ethukē
|
ethukile, ethukē
|
ethukile, ethukē
|
awethukanga
|
angethukanga
|
engethukanga
|
Class 7
|
sethukile, sethukē
|
esethukile, esethukē
|
sethukile, sethukē
|
asethukanga
|
esingethukanga
|
singethukanga
|
Class 8
|
zethukile, zethukē
|
ezethukile, ezethukē
|
zethukile, zethukē
|
azethukanga
|
ezingethukanga
|
zingethukanga
|
Class 9
|
yethukile, yethukē
|
eyethukile, eyethukē
|
yethukile, yethukē
|
ayethukanga
|
engethukanga
|
ingethukanga
|
Class 10
|
zethukile, zethukē
|
ezethukile, ezethukē
|
zethukile, zethukē
|
azethukanga
|
ezingethukanga
|
zingethukanga
|
Class 11
|
lwethukile, lwethukē
|
olwethukile, olwethukē
|
lwethukile, lwethukē
|
alwethukanga
|
olungethukanga
|
lungethukanga
|
Class 14
|
bethukile, bethukē
|
obethukile, obethukē
|
bethukile, bethukē
|
abethukanga
|
obungethukanga
|
bungethukanga
|
Class 15
|
kwethukile, kwethukē
|
okwethukile, okwethukē
|
kwethukile, kwethukē
|
akwethukanga
|
okungethukanga
|
kungethukanga
|
Class 17
|
kwethukile, kwethukē
|
okwethukile, okwethukē
|
kwethukile, kwethukē
|
akwethukanga
|
okungethukanga
|
kungethukanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngēthuka
|
engēthuka
|
ngēthuka
|
angethukanga
|
engingethukanga
|
ngingethukanga
|
2nd singular
|
wēthuka
|
owēthuka
|
wēthuka
|
awethukanga
|
ongethukanga
|
ungethukanga
|
1st plural
|
sēthuka
|
esēthuka
|
sēthuka
|
asethukanga
|
esingethukanga
|
singethukanga
|
2nd plural
|
nēthuka
|
enēthuka
|
nēthuka
|
anethukanga
|
eningethukanga
|
ningethukanga
|
Class 1
|
wēthuka
|
owēthuka
|
ēthuka
|
akethukanga
|
ongethukanga
|
engethukanga
|
Class 2
|
bēthuka
|
abēthuka
|
bēthuka
|
abethukanga
|
abangethukanga
|
bengethukanga
|
Class 3
|
wēthuka
|
owēthuka
|
wēthuka
|
awethukanga
|
ongethukanga
|
ungethukanga
|
Class 4
|
yēthuka
|
eyēthuka
|
yēthuka
|
ayethukanga
|
engethukanga
|
ingethukanga
|
Class 5
|
lēthuka
|
elēthuka
|
lēthuka
|
alethukanga
|
elingethukanga
|
lingethukanga
|
Class 6
|
ēthuka
|
ēthuka
|
ēthuka
|
awethukanga
|
angethukanga
|
engethukanga
|
Class 7
|
sēthuka
|
esēthuka
|
sēthuka
|
asethukanga
|
esingethukanga
|
singethukanga
|
Class 8
|
zēthuka
|
ezēthuka
|
zēthuka
|
azethukanga
|
ezingethukanga
|
zingethukanga
|
Class 9
|
yēthuka
|
eyēthuka
|
yēthuka
|
ayethukanga
|
engethukanga
|
ingethukanga
|
Class 10
|
zēthuka
|
ezēthuka
|
zēthuka
|
azethukanga
|
ezingethukanga
|
zingethukanga
|
Class 11
|
lwēthuka
|
olwēthuka
|
lwēthuka
|
alwethukanga
|
olungethukanga
|
lungethukanga
|
Class 14
|
bēthuka
|
obēthuka
|
bēthuka
|
abethukanga
|
obungethukanga
|
bungethukanga
|
Class 15
|
kwēthuka
|
okwēthuka
|
kwēthuka
|
akwethukanga
|
okungethukanga
|
kungethukanga
|
Class 17
|
kwēthuka
|
okwēthuka
|
kwēthuka
|
akwethukanga
|
okungethukanga
|
kungethukanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingethuka
|
—
|
ngingethuka
|
ngingethuke
|
—
|
ngingethuke
|
2nd singular
|
ungethuka
|
—
|
ungethuka
|
ungethuke
|
—
|
ungethuke
|
1st plural
|
singethuka
|
—
|
singethuka
|
singethuke
|
—
|
singethuke
|
2nd plural
|
ningethuka
|
—
|
ningethuka
|
ningethuke
|
—
|
ningethuke
|
Class 1
|
angethuka
|
—
|
engethuka
|
angethuke
|
—
|
engethuke
|
Class 2
|
bangethuka
|
—
|
bengethuka
|
bangethuke
|
—
|
bengethuke
|
Class 3
|
ungethuka
|
—
|
ungethuka
|
ungethuke
|
—
|
ungethuke
|
Class 4
|
ingethuka
|
—
|
ingethuka
|
ingethuke
|
—
|
ingethuke
|
Class 5
|
lingethuka
|
—
|
lingethuka
|
lingethuke
|
—
|
lingethuke
|
Class 6
|
angethuka
|
—
|
engethuka
|
angethuke
|
—
|
engethuke
|
Class 7
|
singethuka
|
—
|
singethuka
|
singethuke
|
—
|
singethuke
|
Class 8
|
zingethuka
|
—
|
zingethuka
|
zingethuke
|
—
|
zingethuke
|
Class 9
|
ingethuka
|
—
|
ingethuka
|
ingethuke
|
—
|
ingethuke
|
Class 10
|
zingethuka
|
—
|
zingethuka
|
zingethuke
|
—
|
zingethuke
|
Class 11
|
lungethuka
|
—
|
lungethuka
|
lungethuke
|
—
|
lungethuke
|
Class 14
|
bungethuka
|
—
|
bungethuka
|
bungethuke
|
—
|
bungethuke
|
Class 15
|
kungethuka
|
—
|
kungethuka
|
kungethuke
|
—
|
kungethuke
|
Class 17
|
kungethuka
|
—
|
kungethuka
|
kungethuke
|
—
|
kungethuke
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizokwethuka
|
engizokwethuka
|
ngizokwethuka
|
angizukwethuka
|
engingezukwethuka
|
ngingezukwethuka
|
2nd singular
|
uzokwethuka
|
ozokwethuka
|
uzokwethuka
|
awuzukwethuka
|
ongezukwethuka
|
ungezukwethuka
|
1st plural
|
sizokwethuka
|
esizokwethuka
|
sizokwethuka
|
asizukwethuka
|
esingezukwethuka
|
singezukwethuka
|
2nd plural
|
nizokwethuka
|
enizokwethuka
|
nizokwethuka
|
anizukwethuka
|
eningezukwethuka
|
ningezukwethuka
|
Class 1
|
uzokwethuka
|
ozokwethuka
|
ezokwethuka
|
akazukwethuka
|
ongezukwethuka
|
engezukwethuka
|
Class 2
|
bazokwethuka
|
abazokwethuka
|
bezokwethuka
|
abazukwethuka
|
abangezukwethuka
|
bengezukwethuka
|
Class 3
|
uzokwethuka
|
ozokwethuka
|
uzokwethuka
|
awuzukwethuka
|
ongezukwethuka
|
ungezukwethuka
|
Class 4
|
izokwethuka
|
ezokwethuka
|
izokwethuka
|
ayizukwethuka
|
engezukwethuka
|
ingezukwethuka
|
Class 5
|
lizokwethuka
|
elizokwethuka
|
lizokwethuka
|
alizukwethuka
|
elingezukwethuka
|
lingezukwethuka
|
Class 6
|
azokwethuka
|
azokwethuka
|
ezokwethuka
|
awazukwethuka
|
angezukwethuka
|
engezukwethuka
|
Class 7
|
sizokwethuka
|
esizokwethuka
|
sizokwethuka
|
asizukwethuka
|
esingezukwethuka
|
singezukwethuka
|
Class 8
|
zizokwethuka
|
ezizokwethuka
|
zizokwethuka
|
azizukwethuka
|
ezingezukwethuka
|
zingezukwethuka
|
Class 9
|
izokwethuka
|
ezokwethuka
|
izokwethuka
|
ayizukwethuka
|
engezukwethuka
|
ingezukwethuka
|
Class 10
|
zizokwethuka
|
ezizokwethuka
|
zizokwethuka
|
azizukwethuka
|
ezingezukwethuka
|
zingezukwethuka
|
Class 11
|
luzokwethuka
|
oluzokwethuka
|
luzokwethuka
|
aluzukwethuka
|
olungezukwethuka
|
lungezukwethuka
|
Class 14
|
buzokwethuka
|
obuzokwethuka
|
buzokwethuka
|
abuzukwethuka
|
obungezukwethuka
|
bungezukwethuka
|
Class 15
|
kuzokwethuka
|
okuzokwethuka
|
kuzokwethuka
|
akuzukwethuka
|
okungezukwethuka
|
kungezukwethuka
|
Class 17
|
kuzokwethuka
|
okuzokwethuka
|
kuzokwethuka
|
akuzukwethuka
|
okungezukwethuka
|
kungezukwethuka
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyokwethuka
|
engiyokwethuka
|
ngiyokwethuka
|
angiyukwethuka
|
engingeyukwethuka
|
ngingeyukwethuka
|
2nd singular
|
uyokwethuka
|
oyokwethuka
|
uyokwethuka
|
awuyukwethuka
|
ongeyukwethuka
|
ungeyukwethuka
|
1st plural
|
siyokwethuka
|
esiyokwethuka
|
siyokwethuka
|
asiyukwethuka
|
esingeyukwethuka
|
singeyukwethuka
|
2nd plural
|
niyokwethuka
|
eniyokwethuka
|
niyokwethuka
|
aniyukwethuka
|
eningeyukwethuka
|
ningeyukwethuka
|
Class 1
|
uyokwethuka
|
oyokwethuka
|
eyokwethuka
|
akayukwethuka
|
ongeyukwethuka
|
engeyukwethuka
|
Class 2
|
bayokwethuka
|
abayokwethuka
|
beyokwethuka
|
abayukwethuka
|
abangeyukwethuka
|
bengeyukwethuka
|
Class 3
|
uyokwethuka
|
oyokwethuka
|
uyokwethuka
|
awuyukwethuka
|
ongeyukwethuka
|
ungeyukwethuka
|
Class 4
|
iyokwethuka
|
eyokwethuka
|
iyokwethuka
|
ayiyukwethuka
|
engeyukwethuka
|
ingeyukwethuka
|
Class 5
|
liyokwethuka
|
eliyokwethuka
|
liyokwethuka
|
aliyukwethuka
|
elingeyukwethuka
|
lingeyukwethuka
|
Class 6
|
ayokwethuka
|
ayokwethuka
|
eyokwethuka
|
awayukwethuka
|
angeyukwethuka
|
engeyukwethuka
|
Class 7
|
siyokwethuka
|
esiyokwethuka
|
siyokwethuka
|
asiyukwethuka
|
esingeyukwethuka
|
singeyukwethuka
|
Class 8
|
ziyokwethuka
|
eziyokwethuka
|
ziyokwethuka
|
aziyukwethuka
|
ezingeyukwethuka
|
zingeyukwethuka
|
Class 9
|
iyokwethuka
|
eyokwethuka
|
iyokwethuka
|
ayiyukwethuka
|
engeyukwethuka
|
ingeyukwethuka
|
Class 10
|
ziyokwethuka
|
eziyokwethuka
|
ziyokwethuka
|
aziyukwethuka
|
ezingeyukwethuka
|
zingeyukwethuka
|
Class 11
|
luyokwethuka
|
oluyokwethuka
|
luyokwethuka
|
aluyukwethuka
|
olungeyukwethuka
|
lungeyukwethuka
|
Class 14
|
buyokwethuka
|
obuyokwethuka
|
buyokwethuka
|
abuyukwethuka
|
obungeyukwethuka
|
bungeyukwethuka
|
Class 15
|
kuyokwethuka
|
okuyokwethuka
|
kuyokwethuka
|
akuyukwethuka
|
okungeyukwethuka
|
kungeyukwethuka
|
Class 17
|
kuyokwethuka
|
okuyokwethuka
|
kuyokwethuka
|
akuyukwethuka
|
okungeyukwethuka
|
kungeyukwethuka
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngethuke
|
ngingethuki
|
2nd singular
|
wethuke
|
ungethuki
|
1st plural
|
sethuke
|
singethuki
|
2nd plural
|
nethuke
|
ningethuki
|
Class 1
|
ethuke
|
angethuki
|
Class 2
|
bethuke
|
bangethuki
|
Class 3
|
wethuke
|
ungethuki
|
Class 4
|
yethuke
|
ingethuki
|
Class 5
|
lethuke
|
lingethuki
|
Class 6
|
ethuke
|
angethuki
|
Class 7
|
sethuke
|
singethuki
|
Class 8
|
zethuke
|
zingethuki
|
Class 9
|
yethuke
|
ingethuki
|
Class 10
|
zethuke
|
zingethuki
|
Class 11
|
lwethuke
|
lungethuki
|
Class 14
|
bethuke
|
bungethuki
|
Class 15
|
kwethuke
|
kungethuki
|
Class 17
|
kwethuke
|
kungethuki
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngethuka
|
ngangethuka, angethuka, angangethuka
|
2nd singular
|
wethuka
|
wangethuka, awethuka, awangethuka
|
1st plural
|
sethuka
|
sangethuka, asethuka, asangethuka
|
2nd plural
|
nethuka
|
nangethuka, anethuka, anangethuka
|
Class 1
|
wethuka
|
wangethuka, akethuka, akangethuka
|
Class 2
|
bethuka
|
bangethuka, abethuka, abangethuka
|
Class 3
|
wethuka
|
wangethuka, awethuka, awangethuka
|
Class 4
|
yethuka
|
yangethuka, ayethuka, ayangethuka
|
Class 5
|
lethuka
|
langethuka, alethuka, alangethuka
|
Class 6
|
ethuka
|
angethuka, awethuka, awangethuka
|
Class 7
|
sethuka
|
sangethuka, asethuka, asangethuka
|
Class 8
|
zethuka
|
zangethuka, azethuka, azangethuka
|
Class 9
|
yethuka
|
yangethuka, ayethuka, ayangethuka
|
Class 10
|
zethuka
|
zangethuka, azethuka, azangethuka
|
Class 11
|
lwethuka
|
lwangethuka, alwethuka, alwangethuka
|
Class 14
|
bethuka
|
bangethuka, abethuka, abangethuka
|
Class 15
|
kwethuka
|
kwangethuka, akwethuka, akwangethuka
|
Class 17
|
kwethuka
|
kwangethuka, akwethuka, akwangethuka
|
From Proto-Bantu *-jítʊka.
-ethuka
- (intransitive) to startle, to get a start, to get a fright
Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukwethuka
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukwethuka
|
ukungethuki
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
yethuka
|
-ethuke
|
Plural
|
yethukani
|
-ethukeni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyethuka, ngethuka
|
engethukayo, engethuka
|
ngethuka
|
angethuki
|
engingethuki
|
ngingethuki
|
2nd singular
|
uyethuka, wethuka
|
owethukayo, owethuka
|
wethuka
|
awethuki
|
ongethuki
|
ungethuki
|
1st plural
|
siyethuka, sethuka
|
esethukayo, esethuka
|
sethuka
|
asethuki
|
esingethuki
|
singethuki
|
2nd plural
|
niyethuka, nethuka
|
enethukayo, enethuka
|
nethuka
|
anethuki
|
eningethuki
|
ningethuki
|
Class 1
|
uyethuka, wethuka
|
owethukayo, owethuka
|
ethuka
|
akethuki
|
ongethuki
|
engethuki
|
Class 2
|
bayethuka, bethuka
|
abethukayo, abethuka
|
bethuka
|
abethuki
|
abangethuki
|
bengethuki
|
Class 3
|
uyethuka, wethuka
|
owethukayo, owethuka
|
wethuka
|
awethuki
|
ongethuki
|
ungethuki
|
Class 4
|
iyethuka, yethuka
|
eyethukayo, eyethuka
|
yethuka
|
ayethuki
|
engethuki
|
ingethuki
|
Class 5
|
liyethuka, lethuka
|
elethukayo, elethuka
|
lethuka
|
alethuki
|
elingethuki
|
lingethuki
|
Class 6
|
ayethuka, ethuka
|
ethukayo, ethuka
|
ethuka
|
awethuki
|
angethuki
|
engethuki
|
Class 7
|
siyethuka, sethuka
|
esethukayo, esethuka
|
sethuka
|
asethuki
|
esingethuki
|
singethuki
|
Class 8
|
ziyethuka, zethuka
|
ezethukayo, ezethuka
|
zethuka
|
azethuki
|
ezingethuki
|
zingethuki
|
Class 9
|
iyethuka, yethuka
|
eyethukayo, eyethuka
|
yethuka
|
ayethuki
|
engethuki
|
ingethuki
|
Class 10
|
ziyethuka, zethuka
|
ezethukayo, ezethuka
|
zethuka
|
azethuki
|
ezingethuki
|
zingethuki
|
Class 11
|
luyethuka, lwethuka
|
olwethukayo, olwethuka
|
lwethuka
|
alwethuki
|
olungethuki
|
lungethuki
|
Class 14
|
buyethuka, bethuka
|
obethukayo, obethuka
|
bethuka
|
abethuki
|
obungethuki
|
bungethuki
|
Class 15
|
kuyethuka, kwethuka
|
okwethukayo, okwethuka
|
kwethuka
|
akwethuki
|
okungethuki
|
kungethuki
|
Class 17
|
kuyethuka, kwethuka
|
okwethukayo, okwethuka
|
kwethuka
|
akwethuki
|
okungethuki
|
kungethuki
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngethukile, ngethukē
|
engethukile, engethukē
|
ngethukile, ngethukē
|
angethukanga
|
engingethukanga
|
ngingethukanga
|
2nd singular
|
wethukile, wethukē
|
owethukile, owethukē
|
wethukile, wethukē
|
awethukanga
|
ongethukanga
|
ungethukanga
|
1st plural
|
sethukile, sethukē
|
esethukile, esethukē
|
sethukile, sethukē
|
asethukanga
|
esingethukanga
|
singethukanga
|
2nd plural
|
nethukile, nethukē
|
enethukile, enethukē
|
nethukile, nethukē
|
anethukanga
|
eningethukanga
|
ningethukanga
|
Class 1
|
wethukile, wethukē
|
owethukile, owethukē
|
ethukile, ethukē
|
akethukanga
|
ongethukanga
|
engethukanga
|
Class 2
|
bethukile, bethukē
|
abethukile, abethukē
|
bethukile, bethukē
|
abethukanga
|
abangethukanga
|
bengethukanga
|
Class 3
|
wethukile, wethukē
|
owethukile, owethukē
|
wethukile, wethukē
|
awethukanga
|
ongethukanga
|
ungethukanga
|
Class 4
|
yethukile, yethukē
|
eyethukile, eyethukē
|
yethukile, yethukē
|
ayethukanga
|
engethukanga
|
ingethukanga
|
Class 5
|
lethukile, lethukē
|
elethukile, elethukē
|
lethukile, lethukē
|
alethukanga
|
elingethukanga
|
lingethukanga
|
Class 6
|
ethukile, ethukē
|
ethukile, ethukē
|
ethukile, ethukē
|
awethukanga
|
angethukanga
|
engethukanga
|
Class 7
|
sethukile, sethukē
|
esethukile, esethukē
|
sethukile, sethukē
|
asethukanga
|
esingethukanga
|
singethukanga
|
Class 8
|
zethukile, zethukē
|
ezethukile, ezethukē
|
zethukile, zethukē
|
azethukanga
|
ezingethukanga
|
zingethukanga
|
Class 9
|
yethukile, yethukē
|
eyethukile, eyethukē
|
yethukile, yethukē
|
ayethukanga
|
engethukanga
|
ingethukanga
|
Class 10
|
zethukile, zethukē
|
ezethukile, ezethukē
|
zethukile, zethukē
|
azethukanga
|
ezingethukanga
|
zingethukanga
|
Class 11
|
lwethukile, lwethukē
|
olwethukile, olwethukē
|
lwethukile, lwethukē
|
alwethukanga
|
olungethukanga
|
lungethukanga
|
Class 14
|
bethukile, bethukē
|
obethukile, obethukē
|
bethukile, bethukē
|
abethukanga
|
obungethukanga
|
bungethukanga
|
Class 15
|
kwethukile, kwethukē
|
okwethukile, okwethukē
|
kwethukile, kwethukē
|
akwethukanga
|
okungethukanga
|
kungethukanga
|
Class 17
|
kwethukile, kwethukē
|
okwethukile, okwethukē
|
kwethukile, kwethukē
|
akwethukanga
|
okungethukanga
|
kungethukanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngēthuka
|
engēthuka
|
ngēthuka
|
angethukanga
|
engingethukanga
|
ngingethukanga
|
2nd singular
|
wēthuka
|
owēthuka
|
wēthuka
|
awethukanga
|
ongethukanga
|
ungethukanga
|
1st plural
|
sēthuka
|
esēthuka
|
sēthuka
|
asethukanga
|
esingethukanga
|
singethukanga
|
2nd plural
|
nēthuka
|
enēthuka
|
nēthuka
|
anethukanga
|
eningethukanga
|
ningethukanga
|
Class 1
|
wēthuka
|
owēthuka
|
ēthuka
|
akethukanga
|
ongethukanga
|
engethukanga
|
Class 2
|
bēthuka
|
abēthuka
|
bēthuka
|
abethukanga
|
abangethukanga
|
bengethukanga
|
Class 3
|
wēthuka
|
owēthuka
|
wēthuka
|
awethukanga
|
ongethukanga
|
ungethukanga
|
Class 4
|
yēthuka
|
eyēthuka
|
yēthuka
|
ayethukanga
|
engethukanga
|
ingethukanga
|
Class 5
|
lēthuka
|
elēthuka
|
lēthuka
|
alethukanga
|
elingethukanga
|
lingethukanga
|
Class 6
|
ēthuka
|
ēthuka
|
ēthuka
|
awethukanga
|
angethukanga
|
engethukanga
|
Class 7
|
sēthuka
|
esēthuka
|
sēthuka
|
asethukanga
|
esingethukanga
|
singethukanga
|
Class 8
|
zēthuka
|
ezēthuka
|
zēthuka
|
azethukanga
|
ezingethukanga
|
zingethukanga
|
Class 9
|
yēthuka
|
eyēthuka
|
yēthuka
|
ayethukanga
|
engethukanga
|
ingethukanga
|
Class 10
|
zēthuka
|
ezēthuka
|
zēthuka
|
azethukanga
|
ezingethukanga
|
zingethukanga
|
Class 11
|
lwēthuka
|
olwēthuka
|
lwēthuka
|
alwethukanga
|
olungethukanga
|
lungethukanga
|
Class 14
|
bēthuka
|
obēthuka
|
bēthuka
|
abethukanga
|
obungethukanga
|
bungethukanga
|
Class 15
|
kwēthuka
|
okwēthuka
|
kwēthuka
|
akwethukanga
|
okungethukanga
|
kungethukanga
|
Class 17
|
kwēthuka
|
okwēthuka
|
kwēthuka
|
akwethukanga
|
okungethukanga
|
kungethukanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingethuka
|
—
|
ngingethuka
|
ngingethuke
|
—
|
ngingethuke
|
2nd singular
|
ungethuka
|
—
|
ungethuka
|
ungethuke
|
—
|
ungethuke
|
1st plural
|
singethuka
|
—
|
singethuka
|
singethuke
|
—
|
singethuke
|
2nd plural
|
ningethuka
|
—
|
ningethuka
|
ningethuke
|
—
|
ningethuke
|
Class 1
|
angethuka
|
—
|
engethuka
|
angethuke
|
—
|
engethuke
|
Class 2
|
bangethuka
|
—
|
bengethuka
|
bangethuke
|
—
|
bengethuke
|
Class 3
|
ungethuka
|
—
|
ungethuka
|
ungethuke
|
—
|
ungethuke
|
Class 4
|
ingethuka
|
—
|
ingethuka
|
ingethuke
|
—
|
ingethuke
|
Class 5
|
lingethuka
|
—
|
lingethuka
|
lingethuke
|
—
|
lingethuke
|
Class 6
|
angethuka
|
—
|
engethuka
|
angethuke
|
—
|
engethuke
|
Class 7
|
singethuka
|
—
|
singethuka
|
singethuke
|
—
|
singethuke
|
Class 8
|
zingethuka
|
—
|
zingethuka
|
zingethuke
|
—
|
zingethuke
|
Class 9
|
ingethuka
|
—
|
ingethuka
|
ingethuke
|
—
|
ingethuke
|
Class 10
|
zingethuka
|
—
|
zingethuka
|
zingethuke
|
—
|
zingethuke
|
Class 11
|
lungethuka
|
—
|
lungethuka
|
lungethuke
|
—
|
lungethuke
|
Class 14
|
bungethuka
|
—
|
bungethuka
|
bungethuke
|
—
|
bungethuke
|
Class 15
|
kungethuka
|
—
|
kungethuka
|
kungethuke
|
—
|
kungethuke
|
Class 17
|
kungethuka
|
—
|
kungethuka
|
kungethuke
|
—
|
kungethuke
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizokwethuka
|
engizokwethuka
|
ngizokwethuka
|
angizukwethuka
|
engingezukwethuka
|
ngingezukwethuka
|
2nd singular
|
uzokwethuka
|
ozokwethuka
|
uzokwethuka
|
awuzukwethuka
|
ongezukwethuka
|
ungezukwethuka
|
1st plural
|
sizokwethuka
|
esizokwethuka
|
sizokwethuka
|
asizukwethuka
|
esingezukwethuka
|
singezukwethuka
|
2nd plural
|
nizokwethuka
|
enizokwethuka
|
nizokwethuka
|
anizukwethuka
|
eningezukwethuka
|
ningezukwethuka
|
Class 1
|
uzokwethuka
|
ozokwethuka
|
ezokwethuka
|
akazukwethuka
|
ongezukwethuka
|
engezukwethuka
|
Class 2
|
bazokwethuka
|
abazokwethuka
|
bezokwethuka
|
abazukwethuka
|
abangezukwethuka
|
bengezukwethuka
|
Class 3
|
uzokwethuka
|
ozokwethuka
|
uzokwethuka
|
awuzukwethuka
|
ongezukwethuka
|
ungezukwethuka
|
Class 4
|
izokwethuka
|
ezokwethuka
|
izokwethuka
|
ayizukwethuka
|
engezukwethuka
|
ingezukwethuka
|
Class 5
|
lizokwethuka
|
elizokwethuka
|
lizokwethuka
|
alizukwethuka
|
elingezukwethuka
|
lingezukwethuka
|
Class 6
|
azokwethuka
|
azokwethuka
|
ezokwethuka
|
awazukwethuka
|
angezukwethuka
|
engezukwethuka
|
Class 7
|
sizokwethuka
|
esizokwethuka
|
sizokwethuka
|
asizukwethuka
|
esingezukwethuka
|
singezukwethuka
|
Class 8
|
zizokwethuka
|
ezizokwethuka
|
zizokwethuka
|
azizukwethuka
|
ezingezukwethuka
|
zingezukwethuka
|
Class 9
|
izokwethuka
|
ezokwethuka
|
izokwethuka
|
ayizukwethuka
|
engezukwethuka
|
ingezukwethuka
|
Class 10
|
zizokwethuka
|
ezizokwethuka
|
zizokwethuka
|
azizukwethuka
|
ezingezukwethuka
|
zingezukwethuka
|
Class 11
|
luzokwethuka
|
oluzokwethuka
|
luzokwethuka
|
aluzukwethuka
|
olungezukwethuka
|
lungezukwethuka
|
Class 14
|
buzokwethuka
|
obuzokwethuka
|
buzokwethuka
|
abuzukwethuka
|
obungezukwethuka
|
bungezukwethuka
|
Class 15
|
kuzokwethuka
|
okuzokwethuka
|
kuzokwethuka
|
akuzukwethuka
|
okungezukwethuka
|
kungezukwethuka
|
Class 17
|
kuzokwethuka
|
okuzokwethuka
|
kuzokwethuka
|
akuzukwethuka
|
okungezukwethuka
|
kungezukwethuka
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyokwethuka
|
engiyokwethuka
|
ngiyokwethuka
|
angiyukwethuka
|
engingeyukwethuka
|
ngingeyukwethuka
|
2nd singular
|
uyokwethuka
|
oyokwethuka
|
uyokwethuka
|
awuyukwethuka
|
ongeyukwethuka
|
ungeyukwethuka
|
1st plural
|
siyokwethuka
|
esiyokwethuka
|
siyokwethuka
|
asiyukwethuka
|
esingeyukwethuka
|
singeyukwethuka
|
2nd plural
|
niyokwethuka
|
eniyokwethuka
|
niyokwethuka
|
aniyukwethuka
|
eningeyukwethuka
|
ningeyukwethuka
|
Class 1
|
uyokwethuka
|
oyokwethuka
|
eyokwethuka
|
akayukwethuka
|
ongeyukwethuka
|
engeyukwethuka
|
Class 2
|
bayokwethuka
|
abayokwethuka
|
beyokwethuka
|
abayukwethuka
|
abangeyukwethuka
|
bengeyukwethuka
|
Class 3
|
uyokwethuka
|
oyokwethuka
|
uyokwethuka
|
awuyukwethuka
|
ongeyukwethuka
|
ungeyukwethuka
|
Class 4
|
iyokwethuka
|
eyokwethuka
|
iyokwethuka
|
ayiyukwethuka
|
engeyukwethuka
|
ingeyukwethuka
|
Class 5
|
liyokwethuka
|
eliyokwethuka
|
liyokwethuka
|
aliyukwethuka
|
elingeyukwethuka
|
lingeyukwethuka
|
Class 6
|
ayokwethuka
|
ayokwethuka
|
eyokwethuka
|
awayukwethuka
|
angeyukwethuka
|
engeyukwethuka
|
Class 7
|
siyokwethuka
|
esiyokwethuka
|
siyokwethuka
|
asiyukwethuka
|
esingeyukwethuka
|
singeyukwethuka
|
Class 8
|
ziyokwethuka
|
eziyokwethuka
|
ziyokwethuka
|
aziyukwethuka
|
ezingeyukwethuka
|
zingeyukwethuka
|
Class 9
|
iyokwethuka
|
eyokwethuka
|
iyokwethuka
|
ayiyukwethuka
|
engeyukwethuka
|
ingeyukwethuka
|
Class 10
|
ziyokwethuka
|
eziyokwethuka
|
ziyokwethuka
|
aziyukwethuka
|
ezingeyukwethuka
|
zingeyukwethuka
|
Class 11
|
luyokwethuka
|
oluyokwethuka
|
luyokwethuka
|
aluyukwethuka
|
olungeyukwethuka
|
lungeyukwethuka
|
Class 14
|
buyokwethuka
|
obuyokwethuka
|
buyokwethuka
|
abuyukwethuka
|
obungeyukwethuka
|
bungeyukwethuka
|
Class 15
|
kuyokwethuka
|
okuyokwethuka
|
kuyokwethuka
|
akuyukwethuka
|
okungeyukwethuka
|
kungeyukwethuka
|
Class 17
|
kuyokwethuka
|
okuyokwethuka
|
kuyokwethuka
|
akuyukwethuka
|
okungeyukwethuka
|
kungeyukwethuka
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngethuke
|
ngingethuki
|
2nd singular
|
wethuke
|
ungethuki
|
1st plural
|
sethuke
|
singethuki
|
2nd plural
|
nethuke
|
ningethuki
|
Class 1
|
ethuke
|
angethuki
|
Class 2
|
bethuke
|
bangethuki
|
Class 3
|
wethuke
|
ungethuki
|
Class 4
|
yethuke
|
ingethuki
|
Class 5
|
lethuke
|
lingethuki
|
Class 6
|
ethuke
|
angethuki
|
Class 7
|
sethuke
|
singethuki
|
Class 8
|
zethuke
|
zingethuki
|
Class 9
|
yethuke
|
ingethuki
|
Class 10
|
zethuke
|
zingethuki
|
Class 11
|
lwethuke
|
lungethuki
|
Class 14
|
bethuke
|
bungethuki
|
Class 15
|
kwethuke
|
kungethuki
|
Class 17
|
kwethuke
|
kungethuki
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngethuka
|
ngangethuka, angethuka, angangethuka
|
2nd singular
|
wethuka
|
wangethuka, awethuka, awangethuka
|
1st plural
|
sethuka
|
sangethuka, asethuka, asangethuka
|
2nd plural
|
nethuka
|
nangethuka, anethuka, anangethuka
|
Class 1
|
wethuka
|
wangethuka, akethuka, akangethuka
|
Class 2
|
bethuka
|
bangethuka, abethuka, abangethuka
|
Class 3
|
wethuka
|
wangethuka, awethuka, awangethuka
|
Class 4
|
yethuka
|
yangethuka, ayethuka, ayangethuka
|
Class 5
|
lethuka
|
langethuka, alethuka, alangethuka
|
Class 6
|
ethuka
|
angethuka, awethuka, awangethuka
|
Class 7
|
sethuka
|
sangethuka, asethuka, asangethuka
|
Class 8
|
zethuka
|
zangethuka, azethuka, azangethuka
|
Class 9
|
yethuka
|
yangethuka, ayethuka, ayangethuka
|
Class 10
|
zethuka
|
zangethuka, azethuka, azangethuka
|
Class 11
|
lwethuka
|
lwangethuka, alwethuka, alwangethuka
|
Class 14
|
bethuka
|
bangethuka, abethuka, abangethuka
|
Class 15
|
kwethuka
|
kwangethuka, akwethuka, akwangethuka
|
Class 17
|
kwethuka
|
kwangethuka, akwethuka, akwangethuka
|