elûm

Akkadian

Root
'-l-y
4 terms

Etymology 1

𒂊𒈝 (elum, “top”) +‎ 𒄿 (-ī, nisba suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Old Babylonian) IPA^(key): /eˈluːm/

Adjective

elûm (feminine elītum, masculine plural elûtum, feminine plural eliātum, predicative elī)

1. upper

   Antonym: 𒆠𒋫 (šaplûm, “lower”)

Alternative forms

• elû, ilû (mn)
• alium (Old Akkadian)
• elium, eliu (Assyrian)

Cuneiform spellings

Logograms	Phonetic
𒀭 (AN) 𒀭𒋫 (AN.TA) 𒉏 (NIM)	𒂊𒇻𒌑𒌝 (e-lu-u₂-um) 𒂊𒇷𒌝 (e-li-um) 𒂊𒇻𒌑 (e-lu-u₂)

Related terms

Akkadian terms suffixed with -ī

Etymology 2

Compare the verb elûm (“to go up, arise”).

Pronunciation

• (Old Babylonian) IPA^(key): /eˈluːm/

Adjective

elûm (feminine elītum, masculine plural elûtum, feminine plural eliātum, predicative eli)

1. tall, high
2. exalted, proud

Alternative forms

• elium, eliu (non-mimated)

Cuneiform spellings

Logograms	Phonetic
𒀭 (AN) 𒀭𒋫 (AN.TA)	𒂊𒇻𒌑𒌝 (e-lu-u₂-um) 𒂊𒇷𒌝 (e-li-um) 𒂊𒇻𒌑 (e-lu-u₂)

Etymology 3

Compare the preposition eli (“on, over”). Cognate with Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā, “to climb”) and Biblical Hebrew עָלָה (ʿālâ, “to ascend”).

Verb

elûm (G, i, durative illi, perfect īteli, preterite īli, imperative eli)

1. to be high, raised up
2. to go up, ascend, move upwards
3. to come up, arrive
4. (mathematics) to be the result

Alternative forms

• elû (non-mimated)
• alûm, alû (non-mimated)

Cuneiform spellings

Logograms	Phonetic
𒇯𒁺 (Eₓ(DU₆+DU)) 𒌓𒁺 (E₃) 𒀭𒋫 (AN.TA)	𒂊𒇻𒌝 (e-lu-um)

References

• “elû”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎^[1], Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011
• Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “elû(m)”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag
• Huehnergard, John (2011) A Grammar of Akkadian (Harvard Semitic Studies; 45), 3rd edition, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns