efni

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse efni, from Proto-Germanic *abniją. Cognate with Faroese evni, Danish evne, Norwegian Nynorsk emne, Swedish ämne.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛpnɪ/
• Rhymes: -ɛpnɪ

Noun

efni n (genitive singular efnis, nominative plural efni)

1. fabric
2. material
   1. chemical
3. subject, matter
4. means

Declension

Declension of efni (neuter)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	efni	efnið	efni	efnin
accusative	efni	efnið	efni	efnin
dative	efni	efninu	efnum	efnunum
genitive	efnis	efnisins	efna	efnanna

Derived terms

Derived terms

• andefni
• efnafræði
• efnaskipti
• efnisyfirlit
• afn (High Icelandic)

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *abniją.

Noun

efni n (genitive efnis)

1. stuff, material
2. matter of discourse
3. matter, affair
4. cause, reason
5. state, condition, affair
6. (plural only) means

Declension

  Declension of efni (strong ija-stem)

neuter	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	efni	efnit	efni	efnin
accusative	efni	efnit	efni	efnin
dative	efni	efninu	efnum	efnunum
genitive	efnis	efnisins	efna	efnanna

Related terms

• efna

Descendants

• Icelandic: efni
• Faroese: evni
• Norn: even
• Norwegian: emne; (dialectal) evne, ebne
  • → Danish: emne
    • Norwegian Bokmål: emne
• Old Swedish: æfni
  • Swedish: ämne
• Danish: evne
  • Norwegian Bokmål: evne
  • → Norwegian Nynorsk: evne
• Gutnish: ämne
• → Middle English: efne, efene, evene, even
  • Scots: evyne, evyn, evin

References

• “efni”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ebn, from Proto-Germanic *ebnaz. Related to evan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈef.ni/, /ˈev.ni/

Adjective

efni (comparative efniro, superlative efnist)

1. plain

Declension

Positive forms of efni

Strong declension
gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	efni	efnie	efni	efnie	efni	efniu
accusative	efniana	efnie	efni	efnie	efnia	efniu
genitive	efnies	efniarō	efnies	efniarō	efniaro	efniarō
dative	efniumu	efnium	efniumu	efnium	efniaro	efnium
Weak declension
gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	efnio	efniu	efnia	efniu	efnia	efniu
accusative	efniun	efniun	efnia	efniun	efniun	efniun
genitive	efniun	efnionō	efniun	efnionō	efniun	efnionō
dative	efniun	efnium	efniun	efnium	efniun	efnium

Comparative forms of efni (weak only)

gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	efniro	efniru	efnira	efniru	efnira	efniru
accusative	efnirun	efnirun	efnira	efnirun	efnirun	efnirun
genitive	efnirun	efnironō	efnirun	efnironō	efnirun	efnironō
dative	efnirun	efnirum	efnirun	efnirum	efnirun	efnirum

Superlative forms of efni

Strong declension
gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	efnist	efniste	efnist	efniste	efnist	efnistu
accusative	efnistana	efniste	efnist	efniste	efnista	efnistu
genitive	efnistes	efnistarō	efnistes	efnistarō	efnistaro	efnistarō
dative	efnistumu	efnistum	efnistumu	efnistum	efnistaro	efnistum
Weak declension
gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	efnisto	efnistu	efnista	efnistu	efnista	efnistu
accusative	efnistun	efnistun	efnista	efnistun	efnistun	efnistun
genitive	efnistun	efnistonō	efnistun	efnistonō	efnistun	efnistonō
dative	efnistun	efnistum	efnistun	efnistum	efnistun	efnistum