dunc

Latin

Etymology

From a crossing of tunc (“then”) with dum (“while”), likely facilitated by the resemblance of dum to tum, a synonym and close relative of tunc. Attested in several inscriptions.

Adverb

dunc (not comparable) (Late Latin)

1. then

Notes

Judging by the widespread sense of 'thus' among Romance descendants, Von Wartburg supposes that dunc already had that sense as well. Löfsted demonstrated that dum was used in that sense in Late Latin.

Numerous descendants reflect the addition of a prefix /a(d)/ or an adverbial suffix /(a)s/.

Derived terms

• *dunquam

Descendants

• Dalmatian:
  • duanc
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: donca, addonca, dunche, adunche (all archaic)

    Arcevia: donga

    Viareggio: donca

  • Neapolitan: adonca
  • Sicilian: dunca, addunca, nunca, annunca, dunchi
• North Italian:
  • Gallo-Italic:
    • Ligurian: dónca
    • Lombard: donca
    • Piedmontese: donca, donch
  • Friulian: doncje, dončhe
  • Venetan: donca
    • →? Ladin: donca
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: donc, adonc
  • Oïl:
    • Angevin: don, adon
    • Bourguignon: don, aidon
    • Gallo: don, adon
    • Norman: doun
    • Old French: dunc, adonc
      • French: donc
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Catalan: doncs, donques, donces
  • Occitan: donc, adonc, doncas, adoncas, donca
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Navarro-Aragonese: doncas
  • Old Spanish: doncas
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: duncas, adduncas, ducas, adducas

Further reading

• “doncs” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• dunc in Georges, Karl Ernst, Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 1, Hahnsche Buchhandlung
• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “dunc”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 215
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “dunc”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 179
• August Zimmermann (1888) “Zu dōnicum, dōnec, dōneque, dōnique, dunc”, in Eduard Wölfflin, editor, Archiv für lateinische Lexikographie und Grammatik mit Einschluſs des älteren Mittellateins (in German), Fünfter Jahrgang, Leipzig: Druck und Verlag von B. G. Teubner, pages 567–571

Old French

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin dunc. Compare donkes.

Adverb

dunc

1. (often Anglo-Norman) then