dlula

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-dlúla

to pass

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-dlúla

to pass

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

indlulamthi

Zulu

Alternative forms

edlula

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-dlúla

to pass (by)
to surpass, to exceed
to pass, to blow over (of season, disease, etc)
to pass away, to die
to persist, to do regardless

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukudlula
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukudlula	ukungadluli
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	dlula	-dlule
Plural	dlulani	-dluleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyadlula, ngidlula	engidlulayo, engidlula	ngidlula	angidluli	engingadluli	ngingadluli
2nd singular	uyadlula, udlula	odlulayo, odlula	udlula	awudluli	ongadluli	ungadluli
1st plural	siyadlula, sidlula	esidlulayo, esidlula	sidlula	asidluli	esingadluli	singadluli
2nd plural	niyadlula, nidlula	enidlulayo, enidlula	nidlula	anidluli	eningadluli	ningadluli
Class 1	uyadlula, udlula	odlulayo, odlula	edlula	akadluli	ongadluli	engadluli
Class 2	bayadlula, badlula	abadlulayo, abadlula	bedlula	abadluli	abangadluli	bengadluli
Class 3	uyadlula, udlula	odlulayo, odlula	udlula	awudluli	ongadluli	ungadluli
Class 4	iyadlula, idlula	edlulayo, edlula	idlula	ayidluli	engadluli	ingadluli
Class 5	liyadlula, lidlula	elidlulayo, elidlula	lidlula	alidluli	elingadluli	lingadluli
Class 6	ayadlula, adlula	adlulayo, adlula	edlula	awadluli	angadluli	engadluli
Class 7	siyadlula, sidlula	esidlulayo, esidlula	sidlula	asidluli	esingadluli	singadluli
Class 8	ziyadlula, zidlula	ezidlulayo, ezidlula	zidlula	azidluli	ezingadluli	zingadluli
Class 9	iyadlula, idlula	edlulayo, edlula	idlula	ayidluli	engadluli	ingadluli
Class 10	ziyadlula, zidlula	ezidlulayo, ezidlula	zidlula	azidluli	ezingadluli	zingadluli
Class 11	luyadlula, ludlula	oludlulayo, oludlula	ludlula	aludluli	olungadluli	lungadluli
Class 14	buyadlula, budlula	obudlulayo, obudlula	budlula	abudluli	obungadluli	bungadluli
Class 15	kuyadlula, kudlula	okudlulayo, okudlula	kudlula	akudluli	okungadluli	kungadluli
Class 17	kuyadlula, kudlula	okudlulayo, okudlula	kudlula	akudluli	okungadluli	kungadluli
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngidlulile, ngidlulē	engidlulile, engidlulē	ngidlulile, ngidlulē	angidlulanga	engingadlulanga	ngingadlulanga
2nd singular	udlulile, udlulē	odlulile, odlulē	udlulile, udlulē	awudlulanga	ongadlulanga	ungadlulanga
1st plural	sidlulile, sidlulē	esidlulile, esidlulē	sidlulile, sidlulē	asidlulanga	esingadlulanga	singadlulanga
2nd plural	nidlulile, nidlulē	enidlulile, enidlulē	nidlulile, nidlulē	anidlulanga	eningadlulanga	ningadlulanga
Class 1	udlulile, udlulē	odlulile, odlulē	edlulile, edlulē	akadlulanga	ongadlulanga	engadlulanga
Class 2	badlulile, badlulē	abadlulile, abadlulē	bedlulile, bedlulē	abadlulanga	abangadlulanga	bengadlulanga
Class 3	udlulile, udlulē	odlulile, odlulē	udlulile, udlulē	awudlulanga	ongadlulanga	ungadlulanga
Class 4	idlulile, idlulē	edlulile, edlulē	idlulile, idlulē	ayidlulanga	engadlulanga	ingadlulanga
Class 5	lidlulile, lidlulē	elidlulile, elidlulē	lidlulile, lidlulē	alidlulanga	elingadlulanga	lingadlulanga
Class 6	adlulile, adlulē	adlulile, adlulē	edlulile, edlulē	awadlulanga	angadlulanga	engadlulanga
Class 7	sidlulile, sidlulē	esidlulile, esidlulē	sidlulile, sidlulē	asidlulanga	esingadlulanga	singadlulanga
Class 8	zidlulile, zidlulē	ezidlulile, ezidlulē	zidlulile, zidlulē	azidlulanga	ezingadlulanga	zingadlulanga
Class 9	idlulile, idlulē	edlulile, edlulē	idlulile, idlulē	ayidlulanga	engadlulanga	ingadlulanga
Class 10	zidlulile, zidlulē	ezidlulile, ezidlulē	zidlulile, zidlulē	azidlulanga	ezingadlulanga	zingadlulanga
Class 11	ludlulile, ludlulē	oludlulile, oludlulē	ludlulile, ludlulē	aludlulanga	olungadlulanga	lungadlulanga
Class 14	budlulile, budlulē	obudlulile, obudlulē	budlulile, budlulē	abudlulanga	obungadlulanga	bungadlulanga
Class 15	kudlulile, kudlulē	okudlulile, okudlulē	kudlulile, kudlulē	akudlulanga	okungadlulanga	kungadlulanga
Class 17	kudlulile, kudlulē	okudlulile, okudlulē	kudlulile, kudlulē	akudlulanga	okungadlulanga	kungadlulanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngādlula	engādlula	ngādlula	angidlulanga	engingadlulanga	ngingadlulanga
2nd singular	wādlula	owādlula	wādlula	awudlulanga	ongadlulanga	ungadlulanga
1st plural	sādlula	esādlula	sādlula	asidlulanga	esingadlulanga	singadlulanga
2nd plural	nādlula	enādlula	nādlula	anidlulanga	eningadlulanga	ningadlulanga
Class 1	wādlula	owādlula	ādlula	akadlulanga	ongadlulanga	engadlulanga
Class 2	bādlula	abādlula	bādlula	abadlulanga	abangadlulanga	bengadlulanga
Class 3	wādlula	owādlula	wādlula	awudlulanga	ongadlulanga	ungadlulanga
Class 4	yādlula	eyādlula	yādlula	ayidlulanga	engadlulanga	ingadlulanga
Class 5	lādlula	elādlula	lādlula	alidlulanga	elingadlulanga	lingadlulanga
Class 6	ādlula	ādlula	ādlula	awadlulanga	angadlulanga	engadlulanga
Class 7	sādlula	esādlula	sādlula	asidlulanga	esingadlulanga	singadlulanga
Class 8	zādlula	ezādlula	zādlula	azidlulanga	ezingadlulanga	zingadlulanga
Class 9	yādlula	eyādlula	yādlula	ayidlulanga	engadlulanga	ingadlulanga
Class 10	zādlula	ezādlula	zādlula	azidlulanga	ezingadlulanga	zingadlulanga
Class 11	lwādlula	olwādlula	lwādlula	aludlulanga	olungadlulanga	lungadlulanga
Class 14	bādlula	obādlula	bādlula	abudlulanga	obungadlulanga	bungadlulanga
Class 15	kwādlula	okwādlula	kwādlula	akudlulanga	okungadlulanga	kungadlulanga
Class 17	kwādlula	okwādlula	kwādlula	akudlulanga	okungadlulanga	kungadlulanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingadlula	—	ngingadlula	ngingedlule	—	ngingedlule
2nd singular	ungadlula	—	ungadlula	ungedlule	—	ungedlule
1st plural	singadlula	—	singadlula	singedlule	—	singedlule
2nd plural	ningadlula	—	ningadlula	ningedlule	—	ningedlule
Class 1	angadlula	—	engadlula	angedlule	—	engedlule
Class 2	bangadlula	—	bengadlula	bangedlule	—	bengedlule
Class 3	ungadlula	—	ungadlula	ungedlule	—	ungedlule
Class 4	ingadlula	—	ingadlula	ingedlule	—	ingedlule
Class 5	lingadlula	—	lingadlula	lingedlule	—	lingedlule
Class 6	angadlula	—	engadlula	angedlule	—	engedlule
Class 7	singadlula	—	singadlula	singedlule	—	singedlule
Class 8	zingadlula	—	zingadlula	zingedlule	—	zingedlule
Class 9	ingadlula	—	ingadlula	ingedlule	—	ingedlule
Class 10	zingadlula	—	zingadlula	zingedlule	—	zingedlule
Class 11	lungadlula	—	lungadlula	lungedlule	—	lungedlule
Class 14	bungadlula	—	bungadlula	bungedlule	—	bungedlule
Class 15	kungadlula	—	kungadlula	kungedlule	—	kungedlule
Class 17	kungadlula	—	kungadlula	kungedlule	—	kungedlule
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizodlula	engizodlula	ngizodlula	angizudlula	engingezudlula	ngingezudlula
2nd singular	uzodlula	ozodlula	uzodlula	awuzudlula	ongezudlula	ungezudlula
1st plural	sizodlula	esizodlula	sizodlula	asizudlula	esingezudlula	singezudlula
2nd plural	nizodlula	enizodlula	nizodlula	anizudlula	eningezudlula	ningezudlula
Class 1	uzodlula	ozodlula	ezodlula	akazudlula	ongezudlula	engezudlula
Class 2	bazodlula	abazodlula	bezodlula	abazudlula	abangezudlula	bengezudlula
Class 3	uzodlula	ozodlula	uzodlula	awuzudlula	ongezudlula	ungezudlula
Class 4	izodlula	ezodlula	izodlula	ayizudlula	engezudlula	ingezudlula
Class 5	lizodlula	elizodlula	lizodlula	alizudlula	elingezudlula	lingezudlula
Class 6	azodlula	azodlula	ezodlula	awazudlula	angezudlula	engezudlula
Class 7	sizodlula	esizodlula	sizodlula	asizudlula	esingezudlula	singezudlula
Class 8	zizodlula	ezizodlula	zizodlula	azizudlula	ezingezudlula	zingezudlula
Class 9	izodlula	ezodlula	izodlula	ayizudlula	engezudlula	ingezudlula
Class 10	zizodlula	ezizodlula	zizodlula	azizudlula	ezingezudlula	zingezudlula
Class 11	luzodlula	oluzodlula	luzodlula	aluzudlula	olungezudlula	lungezudlula
Class 14	buzodlula	obuzodlula	buzodlula	abuzudlula	obungezudlula	bungezudlula
Class 15	kuzodlula	okuzodlula	kuzodlula	akuzudlula	okungezudlula	kungezudlula
Class 17	kuzodlula	okuzodlula	kuzodlula	akuzudlula	okungezudlula	kungezudlula
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyodlula	engiyodlula	ngiyodlula	angiyudlula	engingeyudlula	ngingeyudlula
2nd singular	uyodlula	oyodlula	uyodlula	awuyudlula	ongeyudlula	ungeyudlula
1st plural	siyodlula	esiyodlula	siyodlula	asiyudlula	esingeyudlula	singeyudlula
2nd plural	niyodlula	eniyodlula	niyodlula	aniyudlula	eningeyudlula	ningeyudlula
Class 1	uyodlula	oyodlula	eyodlula	akayudlula	ongeyudlula	engeyudlula
Class 2	bayodlula	abayodlula	beyodlula	abayudlula	abangeyudlula	bengeyudlula
Class 3	uyodlula	oyodlula	uyodlula	awuyudlula	ongeyudlula	ungeyudlula
Class 4	iyodlula	eyodlula	iyodlula	ayiyudlula	engeyudlula	ingeyudlula
Class 5	liyodlula	eliyodlula	liyodlula	aliyudlula	elingeyudlula	lingeyudlula
Class 6	ayodlula	ayodlula	eyodlula	awayudlula	angeyudlula	engeyudlula
Class 7	siyodlula	esiyodlula	siyodlula	asiyudlula	esingeyudlula	singeyudlula
Class 8	ziyodlula	eziyodlula	ziyodlula	aziyudlula	ezingeyudlula	zingeyudlula
Class 9	iyodlula	eyodlula	iyodlula	ayiyudlula	engeyudlula	ingeyudlula
Class 10	ziyodlula	eziyodlula	ziyodlula	aziyudlula	ezingeyudlula	zingeyudlula
Class 11	luyodlula	oluyodlula	luyodlula	aluyudlula	olungeyudlula	lungeyudlula
Class 14	buyodlula	obuyodlula	buyodlula	abuyudlula	obungeyudlula	bungeyudlula
Class 15	kuyodlula	okuyodlula	kuyodlula	akuyudlula	okungeyudlula	kungeyudlula
Class 17	kuyodlula	okuyodlula	kuyodlula	akuyudlula	okungeyudlula	kungeyudlula
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngidlule	ngingadluli
2nd singular	udlule	ungadluli
1st plural	sidlule	singadluli
2nd plural	nidlule	ningadluli
Class 1	adlule	angadluli
Class 2	badlule	bangadluli
Class 3	udlule	ungadluli
Class 4	idlule	ingadluli
Class 5	lidlule	lingadluli
Class 6	adlule	angadluli
Class 7	sidlule	singadluli
Class 8	zidlule	zingadluli
Class 9	idlule	ingadluli
Class 10	zidlule	zingadluli
Class 11	ludlule	lungadluli
Class 14	budlule	bungadluli
Class 15	kudlule	kungadluli
Class 17	kudlule	kungadluli
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngadlula	ngangadlula, angadlula, angangadlula
2nd singular	wadlula	wangadlula, awadlula, awangadlula
1st plural	sadlula	sangadlula, asadlula, asangadlula
2nd plural	nadlula	nangadlula, anadlula, anangadlula
Class 1	wadlula	wangadlula, akadlula, akangadlula
Class 2	badlula	bangadlula, abadlula, abangadlula
Class 3	wadlula	wangadlula, awadlula, awangadlula
Class 4	yadlula	yangadlula, ayadlula, ayangadlula
Class 5	ladlula	langadlula, aladlula, alangadlula
Class 6	adlula	angadlula, awadlula, awangadlula
Class 7	sadlula	sangadlula, asadlula, asangadlula
Class 8	zadlula	zangadlula, azadlula, azangadlula
Class 9	yadlula	yangadlula, ayadlula, ayangadlula
Class 10	zadlula	zangadlula, azadlula, azangadlula
Class 11	lwadlula	lwangadlula, alwadlula, alwangadlula
Class 14	badlula	bangadlula, abadlula, abangadlula
Class 15	kwadlula	kwangadlula, akwadlula, akwangadlula
Class 17	kwadlula	kwangadlula, akwadlula, akwangadlula

Derived terms

indlulamithi

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “dlula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “dlula (6-3.9)”