daingen

Old Irish

Etymology

Unknown. It can't be related to Old Irish dingid (“to press”) because of the vowel. It could be related to Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”) but the semantic connection is unclear. Bezzenberger compares Proto-Germanic *tangijaną (“to fasten”), from *denḱ- (“to bite”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdaŋʲɡʲen/

Adjective

daingen (comparative daingniu)

1. strong, firm, solid

Inflection

o/ā-stem

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	daingen	daingen	daingen
vocative	daingin* daingen**
accusative	daingen	daingin
genitive	daingin	daingne	daingin
dative	daingen	daingin	daingen
plural	masculine	feminine/neuter
nominative	daingin	daingne
vocative	daingniu daingne†
accusative	daingniu daingne†
genitive	daingen
dative	daingnib

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Derived terms

• daingne
• daingnech
• daingnecht
• daingnid
• daingnigidir

Descendants

• Irish: daingean
• Scottish Gaelic: daingeann

Noun

daingen n

1. stronghold, fastness, fortress, defence
2. enclosure, fence
3. bond, compact, covenant, espousal, security

Inflection

Neuter o-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	daingenN	daingenN	daingenL, daingne
vocative	daingenN	daingenN	daingenL, daingne
accusative	daingenN	daingenN	daingenL, daingne
genitive	dainginL	daingen	daingenN
dative	daingenL	daingnib	daingnib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Mutation

Mutation of daingen

radical	lenition	nasalization
daingen	daingen pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/	ndaingen

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “daingen”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language