daingen

Old Irish

Etymology

Unknown. It can't be related to Old Irish dingid (“to press”) because of the vowel. It could be related to Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”) but the semantic connection is unclear. Bezzenberger compares Proto-Germanic *tangijaną (“to fasten”), from *denḱ- (“to bite”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdaŋʲɡʲen/

Adjective

daingen (comparative daingniu)

1. strong, firm, solid

Inflection

o/ā-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	daingen	daingen	daingen
Vocative	daingin* daingen**
Accusative	daingen	daingin
Genitive	daingin	daingne	daingin
Dative	daingen	daingin	daingen
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	daingin	daingne
Vocative	daingniu daingne†
Accusative	daingniu daingne†
Genitive	daingen
Dative	daingnib
Notes	*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized

Derived terms

• daingne
• daingnech
• daingnecht
• daingnid
• daingnigidir

 

Descendants

• Irish: daingean
• Scottish Gaelic: daingeann

Noun

daingen n

1. stronghold, fastness, fortress, defence
2. enclosure, fence
3. bond, compact, covenant, espousal, security

Inflection

Neuter o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	daingenN	daingenN	daingenL, daingne
Vocative	daingenN	daingenN	daingenL, daingne
Accusative	daingenN	daingenN	daingenL, daingne
Genitive	dainginL	daingen	daingenN
Dative	daingenL	daingnib	daingnib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Mutation

Mutation of daingen

radical	lenition	nasalization
daingen	daingen pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/	ndaingen

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “daingen”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language