dían

See also: Appendix:Variations of "dian"

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *deinos, from Proto-Indo-European *deyh₁- (“fly, move swiftly”); compare Ancient Greek δίεμαι (díemai, “hasten”), Sanskrit दीयति (dī́yati, “fly”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdʲiːa̯n]

Adjective

dían (equative dénithir, comparative déniu)

1. swift, rapid, quick
2. sudden, hasty
3. impetuous, vehement, violent

Declension

o/ā-stem

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	dían	dían	dían
vocative	déin* dían**
accusative	dían	déin
genitive	déin	déine	déin
dative	dían	déin	dían
plural	masculine	feminine/neuter
nominative	déin	díana
vocative	díanu díana†
accusative	díanu díana†
genitive	dían
dative	díanaib

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Quotations

• c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 18^c6

  Is machthad limm a threte do·rérachtid máam fírinne et soscéli; .i. i⟨s⟩ súaignid nírubtar gaítha for comairli. Is dían do·rréractid maám ind ṡoscéli.

  I marvel how quickly you pl have abandoned the yoke of righteousness and [the] gospel; i.e. it is clear that your counsels have not been wise. It is swiftly that you have abandoned the yoke of the gospel.

  (literally, “it is a wonder to me its quickness that…”)

• c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 112^b12

  Is déniu ad·ciam húa ṡúlib risíu ro·cloammar in fogur húa chluasaib, ut est is toísigiu ad·ciam teilciud in béla resíu ro·cloammar a guth sidi.

  We see more quickly with the eyes before we hear the sound with the ears, ut est we see the throwing of the axe sooner before we hear the sound of this.

Descendants

• Irish: dian
• Scottish Gaelic: dian
• Manx: jeean

Mutation

Mutation of dían

radical	lenition	nasalization
dían	dían pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/	ndían

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 dían”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language