conoí

Old Irish

Alternative forms

con·oathar

Etymology

From com- +‎ Proto-Celtic *oweti, the latter being inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éwH-e-ti (“to help”). It is a close cognate of Sanskrit अवति (ávati, “to help”).^[1]

The verbal noun comét and the deponent preterite forms are suppleted from a form of Proto-Celtic *emeti also prefixed with com-. Compare do·eim of similar meaning.^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [konˈoːi̯]

Verb

con·ói (prototonic ·comai, verbal noun comét)

to protect, guard
to preserve, keep
- c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 6, pages 115-179:
  ...céne con·n-oither mo thimnasa insin purt-sa. Nícon·ibthar lind dermait dé and.
  ...as long as my rules are upheld in this place, alcoholic beverages that lead to us forgetting about God are not to be drunk.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 29^d29
  is Día cota·óei-ade tre a gnímo-som
  It is God who preserves [the heavenly reward] through his deeds.

Conjugation

Complex, class A III present, t preterite, f future, a subjunctive
		1st sg	2nd sg	3rd sg	2nd pl	3rd pl	passive sg
present indicative	deut.			con·ói, con·oadar; cota·roí (ro-form with infixed pronoun da-)	cot·dóith (with infixed pronoun d-)	cot·oat (with infixed pronoun d-)	con·n-oither
present indicative	prot.			·comai, ·comathar

imperfect indicative	deut.
imperfect indicative	prot.

preterite	deut.
preterite	prot.

perfect	deut.			con·róiter		con·roitatar
perfect	prot.

future	deut.			cot·nófathar (with infixed pronoun d-)
future	prot.

conditional	deut.
conditional	prot.

present subjunctive	deut.		con·óither				cotam·róither (ro-form with infixed pronoun tam-)
present subjunctive	prot.			·coma, ·comathar

past subjunctive	deut.
past subjunctive	prot.			·comud

imperative			comae		comid

verbal noun		comét
past participle
verbal of necessity

Derived terms

for·comai

Related terms

do·eim

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₁eu̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 243f.
^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 729, page 451; reprinted 2017