chʼíízǫ́ǫ́s

Navajo

Etymology

chʼí- (“out horizontally”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zǫ́ǫ́s (imperfective stem of root -ZǪ́Ǫ́Z, “to pull, to tear”).

Stem initial z- becomes d- under d-effect.

Verb

chʼíízǫ́ǫ́s

he/she is pulling it or dragging it out horizontally (as a chain from a house)

Conjugation

Paradigm: Momentaneous (ni/ni), with partial da-shift.

IMPERFECTIVE	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	chʼínísǫ́ǫ́s	chʼíniidǫ́ǫ́s	chʼídaniidǫ́ǫ́s
2nd person	chʼínízǫ́ǫ́s	chʼínóhsǫ́ǫ́s	chʼídanohsǫ́ǫ́s
3rd person	chʼíízǫ́ǫ́s		chʼídeízǫ́ǫ́s
4th person	chʼíjízǫ́ǫ́s		chʼídajízǫ́ǫ́s

PERFECTIVE	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	chʼínízǫ́ǫ́z	chʼíniidǫ́ǫ́z	chʼídaniidǫ́ǫ́z
2nd person	chʼíínízǫ́ǫ́z	chʼínoozǫ́ǫ́z	chʼídanoozǫ́ǫ́z
3rd person	chʼíinízǫ́ǫ́z		chʼídeizǫ́ǫ́z
4th person	chʼízhnízǫ́ǫ́z		chʼídajizǫ́ǫ́z

FUTURE	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	chʼídeesǫ́ǫ́s	chʼídiidǫ́ǫ́s	chʼídadiidǫ́ǫ́s
2nd person	chʼídíízǫ́ǫ́s	chʼídoohsǫ́ǫ́s	chʼídadoohsǫ́ǫ́s
3rd person	chʼíidoozǫ́ǫ́s		chʼídeidoozǫ́ǫ́s
4th person	chʼízhdoozǫ́ǫ́s		chʼídazhdoozǫ́ǫ́s

Verbal stems

ITERATIVE: -d + zǫ́ǫ́s = dǫ́ǫ́s
OPTATIVE: -zǫ́ǫ́s

Related terms