chʼííłmáás

Navajo

Etymology

chʼí- (“out horizontally”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -máás (imperfective stem of root -MÁÁZ, “to roll”).

The stem -máás (“globular, spherical, ball-like shape”) is cognate with -bą́ą́z (“hooplike, ringlike shape”), and they have the same origin, which possibly is Proto-Athabaskan *wątsʼ (“roll”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t͡ʃʼíːɬmɑ́ːs/

Verb

chʼííłmáás

he/she is rolling it out horizontally (as a barrel out of a barn)

Conjugation

Paradigm: Momentaneous (ni/ni), with partial da-shift.

imperfective	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	chʼínísmáás	chʼíniilmáás	chʼídaniilmáás
2nd person	chʼíníłmáás	chʼínółmáás	chʼídanołmáás
3rd person	chʼííłmáás		chʼídeíłmáás
4th person	chʼíjíłmáás		chʼídajíłmáás

perfective	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	chʼíníłmááz	chʼíniilmááz	chʼídaniilmááz
2nd person	chʼííníłmááz	chʼínoołmááz	chʼídanoołmááz
3rd person	chʼíiníłmááz		chʼídeismááz
4th person	chʼízhníłmááz		chʼídajismááz

future	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	chʼídeesmas	chʼídiilmas	chʼídadiilmas
2nd person	chʼídííłmas	chʼídoołmas	chʼídadoołmas
3rd person	chʼíidoołmas		chʼídeidoołmas
4th person	chʼízhdoołmas		chʼídazhdoołmas

Verbal stems

ITERATIVE: -mas
OPTATIVE: -máás