cerner
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old French [Term?], from Latin circināre.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]cerner
- (transitive) to surround
- Synonym: entourer
- Les gendarmes cernèrent la maison où il s’était réfugié.
- The policemen surrounded the house in which he had been hiding.
- Il avait les yeux cernés de noir.
- He had dark circles around his eyes.
- (transitive, figuratively) to figure out; to distinguish, identify the boundaries of
- Synonyms: appréhender, saisir
- La discussion a aidé à cerner le problème.
- The discussion helped to clarify the nature and scope of the problem.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of cerner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | cerner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | cernant /sɛʁ.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | cerné /sɛʁ.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cerne /sɛʁn/ |
cernes /sɛʁn/ |
cerne /sɛʁn/ |
cernons /sɛʁ.nɔ̃/ |
cernez /sɛʁ.ne/ |
cernent /sɛʁn/ |
| imperfect | cernais /sɛʁ.nɛ/ |
cernais /sɛʁ.nɛ/ |
cernait /sɛʁ.nɛ/ |
cernions /sɛʁ.njɔ̃/ |
cerniez /sɛʁ.nje/ |
cernaient /sɛʁ.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | cernai /sɛʁ.ne/ |
cernas /sɛʁ.na/ |
cerna /sɛʁ.na/ |
cernâmes /sɛʁ.nam/ |
cernâtes /sɛʁ.nat/ |
cernèrent /sɛʁ.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | cernerai /sɛʁ.nə.ʁe/ |
cerneras /sɛʁ.nə.ʁa/ |
cernera /sɛʁ.nə.ʁa/ |
cernerons /sɛʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/ |
cernerez /sɛʁ.nə.ʁe/ |
cerneront /sɛʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | cernerais /sɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ |
cernerais /sɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ |
cernerait /sɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ |
cernerions /sɛʁ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
cerneriez /sɛʁ.nə.ʁje/ |
cerneraient /sɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cerne /sɛʁn/ |
cernes /sɛʁn/ |
cerne /sɛʁn/ |
cernions /sɛʁ.njɔ̃/ |
cerniez /sɛʁ.nje/ |
cernent /sɛʁn/ |
| imperfect2 | cernasse /sɛʁ.nas/ |
cernasses /sɛʁ.nas/ |
cernât /sɛʁ.na/ |
cernassions /sɛʁ.na.sjɔ̃/ |
cernassiez /sɛʁ.na.sje/ |
cernassent /sɛʁ.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | cerne /sɛʁn/ |
— | cernons /sɛʁ.nɔ̃/ |
cernez /sɛʁ.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “cerner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
[edit]Spanish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Latin cernere, cernō, from Proto-Italic *krinō, from Proto-Indo-European *krey-. Doublet of cernir.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): (Spain) /θeɾˈneɾ/ [θeɾˈneɾ]
- IPA(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /seɾˈneɾ/ [seɾˈneɾ]
- Rhymes: -eɾ
- Syllabification: cer‧ner
Verb
[edit]cerner (first-person singular present cierno, first-person singular preterite cerní, past participle cernido)
- (transitive) to sift
- Synonym: (Asturias) peñerar
- (intransitive, botany) to blossom, bud
- (intransitive, pronominal) to circle; to hover
- to drizzle
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of cerner (e-ie alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | cerner | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | cerniendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | cernido | cernida | |||||
| plural | cernidos | cernidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | cierno | ciernestú cernésvos |
cierne | cernemos | cernéis | ciernen | |
| imperfect | cernía | cernías | cernía | cerníamos | cerníais | cernían | |
| preterite | cerní | cerniste | cernió | cernimos | cernisteis | cernieron | |
| future | cerneré | cernerás | cernerá | cerneremos | cerneréis | cernerán | |
| conditional | cernería | cernerías | cernería | cerneríamos | cerneríais | cernerían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | cierna | ciernastú cernásvos2 |
cierna | cernamos | cernáis | ciernan | |
| imperfect (ra) |
cerniera | cernieras | cerniera | cerniéramos | cernierais | cernieran | |
| imperfect (se) |
cerniese | cernieses | cerniese | cerniésemos | cernieseis | cerniesen | |
| future1 | cerniere | cernieres | cerniere | cerniéremos | cerniereis | cernieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
| affirmative | ciernetú cernévos |
cierna | cernamos | cerned | ciernan | ||
| negative | no ciernas | no cierna | no cernamos | no cernáis | no ciernan | ||
Selected combined forms of cerner (e-ie alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “cerner”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
Categories:
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French transitive verbs
- French terms with usage examples
- French verbs with conjugation -er
- French first group verbs
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/eɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/eɾ/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish verbs
- Spanish verbs ending in -er
- Spanish verbs with e-ie alternation
- Spanish transitive verbs
- Spanish intransitive verbs
- es:Botany