caesus

Latin

Etymology

Perfect passive participle of caedō.

Participle

caesus (feminine caesa, neuter caesum, adverb caesim); first/second-declension participle

1. cut, hewn, felled; having been cut, hewn, felled
2. struck, beaten; having been struck, beaten
3. killed, murdered, slain; having been killed, murdered, slain
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.601–602:

     ipse sub Ēsquiliīs, ubi erat sua rēgia, caesus
     concidit in dūrā sanguinulentus humō

     [The king] himself, slain below the Esquiline Hill, where his palace was, falls on the hard ground covered in blood.
     (King Servius Tullius was assassinated.)

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	caesus	caesa	caesum		caesī	caesae	caesa
genitive	caesī	caesae	caesī		caesōrum	caesārum	caesōrum
dative	caesō	caesae	caesō		caesīs
accusative	caesum	caesam	caesum		caesōs	caesās	caesa
ablative	caesō	caesā	caesō		caesīs
vocative	caese	caesa	caesum		caesī	caesae	caesa

Descendants

• Old French: cisel, chisel (Old Northern French)
  • Middle French: ciseau
    • French: ciseau
  • Norman: chisel
  • → English: chisel
• Spanish: cinzel, cincel
• Italian: cesello, cisello

References

• “caesus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “caesus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• caesus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.