bolyong
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From an unattested bound root + -ong (frequentative verb-forming suffix). The root is of unknown origin and may be related to the root of bódít (“to daze”) and bódorog (“to roam”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]bolyong
- (intransitive) to wander, ramble, roam (to move without purpose or specified destination)
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of bolyong
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | bolyongok | bolyongasz | bolyong | bolyongunk | bolyongotok | bolyonganak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | bolyongottam | bolyongottál | bolyongott | bolyongottunk | bolyongottatok | bolyongottak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. bolyongani fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | bolyongék | bolyongál | bolyonga | bolyongánk | bolyongátok | bolyongának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. bolyong vala, bolyongott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | bolyongandok | bolyongandasz | bolyongand | bolyongandunk | bolyongandotok | bolyongandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | bolyonganék | bolyonganál | bolyongana | bolyonganánk | bolyonganátok | bolyonganának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. bolyongott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | bolyongjak | bolyongj or bolyongjál |
bolyongjon | bolyongjunk | bolyongjatok | bolyongjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. bolyongott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | bolyongani | bolyonganom | bolyonganod | bolyongania | bolyonganunk | bolyonganotok | bolyonganiuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| bolyongás | bolyongó | bolyongott | ― | bolyongva (bolyongván) | |||||
potential conjugation of bolyong
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | bolyonghatok | bolyonghatsz | bolyonghat | bolyonghatunk | bolyonghattok | bolyonghatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | bolyonghattam | bolyonghattál | bolyonghatott | bolyonghattunk | bolyonghattatok | bolyonghattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | bolyonghaték | bolyonghatál | bolyonghata | bolyonghatánk | bolyonghatátok | bolyonghatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. bolyonghat vala, bolyonghatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | bolyonghatandok or bolyongandhatok |
bolyonghatandasz or bolyongandhatsz |
bolyonghatand or bolyongandhat |
bolyonghatandunk or bolyongandhatunk |
bolyonghatandotok or bolyongandhattok |
bolyonghatandanak or bolyongandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | bolyonghatnék | bolyonghatnál | bolyonghatna | bolyonghatnánk | bolyonghatnátok | bolyonghatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. bolyonghatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | bolyonghassak | bolyonghass or bolyonghassál |
bolyonghasson | bolyonghassunk | bolyonghassatok | bolyonghassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. bolyonghatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (bolyonghatni) | (bolyonghatnom) | (bolyonghatnod) | (bolyonghatnia) | (bolyonghatnunk) | (bolyonghatnotok) | (bolyonghatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (bolyonghatva / bolyonghatván) | ||||
or
conjugation of bolyong
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | bolyongok | bolyongsz | bolyong | bolyongunk | bolyongtok | bolyongnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | bolyongtam | bolyongtál | bolyongott | bolyongtunk | bolyongtatok | bolyongtak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. bolyongni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | bolyongék | bolyongál | bolyonga | bolyongánk | bolyongátok | bolyongának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. bolyong vala, bolyongott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | bolyongandok | bolyongandasz | bolyongand | bolyongandunk | bolyongandotok | bolyongandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | bolyongnék | bolyongnál | bolyongna | bolyongnánk | bolyongnátok | bolyongnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. bolyongott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | bolyongjak | bolyongj or bolyongjál |
bolyongjon | bolyongjunk | bolyongjatok | bolyongjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. bolyongott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | bolyongni | bolyongnom | bolyongnod | bolyongnia | bolyongnunk | bolyongnotok | bolyongniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| bolyongás | bolyongó | bolyongott | ― | bolyongva (bolyongván) | |||||
potential conjugation of bolyong
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | bolyonghatok | bolyonghatsz | bolyonghat | bolyonghatunk | bolyonghattok | bolyonghatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | bolyonghattam | bolyonghattál | bolyonghatott | bolyonghattunk | bolyonghattatok | bolyonghattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | bolyonghaték | bolyonghatál | bolyonghata | bolyonghatánk | bolyonghatátok | bolyonghatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. bolyonghat vala, bolyonghatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | bolyonghatandok or bolyongandhatok |
bolyonghatandasz or bolyongandhatsz |
bolyonghatand or bolyongandhat |
bolyonghatandunk or bolyongandhatunk |
bolyonghatandotok or bolyongandhattok |
bolyonghatandanak or bolyongandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | bolyonghatnék | bolyonghatnál | bolyonghatna | bolyonghatnánk | bolyonghatnátok | bolyonghatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. bolyonghatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | bolyonghassak | bolyonghass or bolyonghassál |
bolyonghasson | bolyonghassunk | bolyonghassatok | bolyonghassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. bolyonghatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (bolyonghatni) | (bolyonghatnom) | (bolyonghatnod) | (bolyonghatnia) | (bolyonghatnunk) | (bolyonghatnotok) | (bolyonghatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (bolyonghatva / bolyonghatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ bolyong in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
Further reading
[edit]- bolyong in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- bolyong in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).