búg
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the onomatopoeia bú (“moo”) + -g (frequentative suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]búg
- (intransitive, of an organ, the musical instrument) to boom
- (intransitive, of a motor) to hum, whirr
- (intransitive, of an airplane) to drone, zoom
- (intransitive, of a siren) to wail
- (intransitive, of a dove-like bird) to coo
- (intransitive, of pigs) to be in heat (to be in estrus, receptive to mating)
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of búg
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | búgok | búgsz | búg | búgunk | búgtok | búgnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | búgtam | búgtál | búgott | búgtunk | búgtatok | búgtak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. búgni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | búgék | búgál | búga | búgánk | búgátok | búgának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. búg vala, búgott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | búgandok | búgandasz | búgand | búgandunk | búgandotok | búgandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | búgnék | búgnál | búgna | búgnánk | búgnátok | búgnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. búgott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | búgjak | búgj or búgjál |
búgjon | búgjunk | búgjatok | búgjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. búgott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | búgni | búgnom | búgnod | búgnia | búgnunk | búgnotok | búgniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| búgás | búgó | búgott | ― | búgva (búgván) | |||||
potential conjugation of búg
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | búghatok | búghatsz | búghat | búghatunk | búghattok | búghatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | búghattam | búghattál | búghatott | búghattunk | búghattatok | búghattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | búghaték | búghatál | búghata | búghatánk | búghatátok | búghatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. búghat vala, búghatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | búghatandok or búgandhatok |
búghatandasz or búgandhatsz |
búghatand or búgandhat |
búghatandunk or búgandhatunk |
búghatandotok or búgandhattok |
búghatandanak or búgandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | búghatnék | búghatnál | búghatna | búghatnánk | búghatnátok | búghatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. búghatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | búghassak | búghass or búghassál |
búghasson | búghassunk | búghassatok | búghassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. búghatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (búghatni) | (búghatnom) | (búghatnod) | (búghatnia) | (búghatnunk) | (búghatnotok) | (búghatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (búghatva / búghatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
References
[edit]- ^ búg in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- (to boom, hum, whirr, drone, zoom, wail; to coo): búg in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (to be on heat): búg in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (regional, rare: synonym of galambdúc (“dovecote”)): búg in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (rare: crease of pants/trousers, synonym of él, vasalás): búg in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- búg in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).