anobeithio
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Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Analysable as either anobaith + -io or an- + gobeithio.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]anobeithio (first-person singular present anobeithiaf)
- (intransitive, with preposition am) to despair, to lose hope
- Synonym: digalonni
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | anobeithiaf | anobeithi | anobeithia | anobeithiwn | anobeithiwch | anobeithiant | anobeithir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | anobeithiwn | anobeithit | anobeithiai | anobeithiem | anobeithiech | anobeithient | anobeithid | |
| preterite | anobeithiais | anobeithiaist | anobeithiodd | anobeithiasom | anobeithiasoch | anobeithiasant | anobeithiwyd | |
| pluperfect | anobeithiaswn | anobeithiasit | anobeithiasai | anobeithiasem | anobeithiasech | anobeithiasent | anobeithiasid, anobeithiesid | |
| present subjunctive | anobeithiwyf | anobeithiech | anobeithio | anobeithiom | anobeithioch | anobeithiont | anobeithier | |
| imperative | — | anobeithia | anobeithied | anobeithiwn | anobeithiwch | anobeithient | anobeithier | |
| verbal noun | anobeithio | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | anobeithiedig anobeithiadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | anobeithia i, anobeithiaf i | anobeithi di | anobeithith o/e/hi, anobeithiff e/hi | anobeithiwn ni | anobeithiwch chi | anobeithian nhw |
| conditional | anobeithiwn i, anobeithswn i | anobeithiet ti, anobeithset ti | anobeithiai fo/fe/hi, anobeithsai fo/fe/hi | anobeithien ni, anobeithsen ni | anobeithiech chi, anobeithsech chi | anobeithien nhw, anobeithsen nhw |
| preterite | anobeithiais i, anobeithies i | anobeithiaist ti, anobeithiest ti | anobeithiodd o/e/hi | anobeithion ni | anobeithioch chi | anobeithion nhw |
| imperative | — | anobeithia | — | — | anobeithiwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
[edit]| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
|---|---|---|---|
| anobeithio | unchanged | unchanged | hanobeithio |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “anobeithio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies