aestuo

Latin

FWOTD – 15 December 2014

Etymology

From aestus (“undulating, waving; heat”) +‎ -ō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈae̯s.tu.oː/, [ˈäe̯s̠t̪uoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈes.tu.o/, [ˈɛst̪uo]

Verb

aestuō (present infinitive aestuāre, perfect active aestuāvī, supine aestuātum); first conjugation

1. to be in agitation or violent commotion, move to and fro, writhe, rage, toss, boil up, heave
   • c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 5.1097:

     et ramosa tamen cum ventis pulsa vacillans / aestuat in ramos incumbens arboris arbor

     Yet also when a many-branched tree, / beaten by winds, writhes swaying to and fro, pressing 'gainst branches of a neighbour tree

2. (of fire) to burn, blaze, rage
   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.263:

     […] aestuat ut clausis rapidus fornacibus ignis

     […] as the rapacious fire blazes in a sealed furnace

3. (of the effect of fire) to be warm or hot, swelter, glow, burn
   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 1.107:

     […] et cum exustus ager morientibus aestuat herbis / ecce […]

     […] and see, when the scorched land burns with the grasses withering […]

4. (of water) to rise in waves or billows, surge, whirl, seethe
   • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 2.6.4:

     […] ubi Maura semper / aestuat unda

     […] and Moorish wave / that whirls the sand.

5. (figuratively, of emotions) to burn with desire, be agitated or excited, be inflamed, fret
   • 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 2.2.55:

     quod ubi auditum est aestuare illi qui pecuniam dederant

     And when this was known, they began to fret who had paid the money.

6. (figuratively, of emotions) to vacillate, hesitate, be in doubt or undecided
   • c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 10.7.33:

     sic anceps inter utrumque animus aestuat […]

     Consequently, the mind will waver in doubt between the two alternatives […]

Conjugation

   Conjugation of aestuō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	aestuō		aestuās		aestuat		aestuāmus		aestuātis		aestuant
	imperfect	aestuābam		aestuābās		aestuābat		aestuābāmus		aestuābātis		aestuābant
	future	aestuābō		aestuābis		aestuābit		aestuābimus		aestuābitis		aestuābunt
	perfect	aestuāvī		aestuāvistī		aestuāvit		aestuāvimus		aestuāvistis		aestuāvērunt, aestuāvēre
	pluperfect	aestuāveram		aestuāverās		aestuāverat		aestuāverāmus		aestuāverātis		aestuāverant
	future perfect	aestuāverō		aestuāveris		aestuāverit		aestuāverimus		aestuāveritis		aestuāverint
passive	present	aestuor		aestuāris, aestuāre		aestuātur		aestuāmur		aestuāminī		aestuantur
	imperfect	aestuābar		aestuābāris, aestuābāre		aestuābātur		aestuābāmur		aestuābāminī		aestuābantur
	future	aestuābor		aestuāberis, aestuābere		aestuābitur		aestuābimur		aestuābiminī		aestuābuntur
	perfect	aestuātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	aestuātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	aestuātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	aestuem		aestuēs		aestuet		aestuēmus		aestuētis		aestuent
	imperfect	aestuārem		aestuārēs		aestuāret		aestuārēmus		aestuārētis		aestuārent
	perfect	aestuāverim		aestuāverīs		aestuāverit		aestuāverīmus		aestuāverītis		aestuāverint
	pluperfect	aestuāvissem		aestuāvissēs		aestuāvisset		aestuāvissēmus		aestuāvissētis		aestuāvissent
passive	present	aestuer		aestuēris, aestuēre		aestuētur		aestuēmur		aestuēminī		aestuentur
	imperfect	aestuārer		aestuārēris, aestuārēre		aestuārētur		aestuārēmur		aestuārēminī		aestuārentur
	perfect	aestuātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	aestuātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		aestuā		—		—		aestuāte		—
	future	—		aestuātō		aestuātō		—		aestuātōte		aestuantō
passive	present	—		aestuāre		—		—		aestuāminī		—
	future	—		aestuātor		aestuātor		—		—		aestuantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		aestuāre			aestuārī			aestuāns			—
future		aestuātūrum esse			aestuātum īrī			aestuātūrus			aestuandus
perfect		aestuāvisse			aestuātum esse			—			aestuātus
future perfect		—			aestuātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		aestuātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		aestuandī		aestuandō		aestuandum		aestuandō		aestuātum		aestuātū

Derived terms

• abaestuō
• adaestuō
• aestuābundus
• aestuāns
• aestuātiō
• exaestuō
• inaestuō
• interaestuō

Related terms

• aestās
• aestifer
• aestīvālis
• aestīvē
• aestīvus
• aestuārium
• aestuōsus
• aestus

References

• “aestuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “aestuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• aestuo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.