aestuo

Latin

FWOTD – 15 December 2014

Etymology

From aestus (“undulating, waving; heat”) +‎ -ō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈae̯s.tu.oː/, [ˈäe̯s̠t̪uoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈes.tu.o/, [ˈɛst̪uo]

Verb

aestuō (present infinitive aestuāre, perfect active aestuāvī, supine aestuātum); first conjugation

1. to be in agitation or violent commotion, move to and fro, writhe, rage, toss, boil up, heave
   • c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 5.1097:

     et ramosa tamen cum ventis pulsa vacillans / aestuat in ramos incumbens arboris arbor

     Yet also when a many-branched tree, / beaten by winds, writhes swaying to and fro, pressing 'gainst branches of a neighbour tree

2. (of fire) to burn, blaze, rage
   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.263:

     […] aestuat ut clausis rapidus fornacibus ignis

     […] as the rapacious fire blazes in a sealed furnace

3. (of the effect of fire) to be warm or hot, swelter, glow, burn
   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 1.107:

     […] et cum exustus ager morientibus aestuat herbis / ecce […]

     […] and see, when the scorched land burns with the grasses withering […]

4. (of water) to rise in waves or billows, surge, whirl, seethe
   • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 2.6.4:

     […] ubi Maura semper / aestuat unda

     […] and Moorish wave / that whirls the sand.

5. (figuratively, of emotions) to burn with desire, be agitated or excited, be inflamed, fret
   • 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 2.2.55:

     quod ubi auditum est aestuare illi qui pecuniam dederant

     And when this was known, they began to fret who had paid the money.

6. (figuratively, of emotions) to vacillate, hesitate, be in doubt or undecided
   • c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 10.7.33:

     sic anceps inter utrumque animus aestuat […]

     Consequently, the mind will waver in doubt between the two alternatives […]

Conjugation

Conjugation of aestuō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	aestuō	aestuās	aestuat	aestuāmus	aestuātis	aestuant
	imperfect	aestuābam	aestuābās	aestuābat	aestuābāmus	aestuābātis	aestuābant
	future	aestuābō	aestuābis	aestuābit	aestuābimus	aestuābitis	aestuābunt
	perfect	aestuāvī	aestuāvistī	aestuāvit	aestuāvimus	aestuāvistis	aestuāvērunt, aestuāvēre
	pluperfect	aestuāveram	aestuāverās	aestuāverat	aestuāverāmus	aestuāverātis	aestuāverant
	future perfect	aestuāverō	aestuāveris	aestuāverit	aestuāverimus	aestuāveritis	aestuāverint
passive	present	aestuor	aestuāris, aestuāre	aestuātur	aestuāmur	aestuāminī	aestuantur
	imperfect	aestuābar	aestuābāris, aestuābāre	aestuābātur	aestuābāmur	aestuābāminī	aestuābantur
	future	aestuābor	aestuāberis, aestuābere	aestuābitur	aestuābimur	aestuābiminī	aestuābuntur
	perfect	aestuātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	aestuātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	aestuātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	aestuem	aestuēs	aestuet	aestuēmus	aestuētis	aestuent
	imperfect	aestuārem	aestuārēs	aestuāret	aestuārēmus	aestuārētis	aestuārent
	perfect	aestuāverim	aestuāverīs	aestuāverit	aestuāverīmus	aestuāverītis	aestuāverint
	pluperfect	aestuāvissem	aestuāvissēs	aestuāvisset	aestuāvissēmus	aestuāvissētis	aestuāvissent
passive	present	aestuer	aestuēris, aestuēre	aestuētur	aestuēmur	aestuēminī	aestuentur
	imperfect	aestuārer	aestuārēris, aestuārēre	aestuārētur	aestuārēmur	aestuārēminī	aestuārentur
	perfect	aestuātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	aestuātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	aestuā	—	—	aestuāte	—
	future	—	aestuātō	aestuātō	—	aestuātōte	aestuantō
passive	present	—	aestuāre	—	—	aestuāminī	—
	future	—	aestuātor	aestuātor	—	—	aestuantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		aestuāre	aestuāvisse	aestuātūrum esse	aestuārī	aestuātum esse	aestuātum īrī
participles		aestuāns	—	aestuātūrus	—	aestuātus	aestuandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		aestuandī	aestuandō	aestuandum	aestuandō	aestuātum	aestuātū

Derived terms

• abaestuō
• adaestuō
• aestuābundus
• aestuāns
• aestuātiō
• exaestuō
• inaestuō
• interaestuō

Related terms

• aestās
• aestifer
• aestīvālis
• aestīvē
• aestīvus
• aestuārium
• aestuōsus
• aestus

References

• “aestuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “aestuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• aestuo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.