User:Vorziblix/sandbox/Carib

Orthographic differences

Representations of non-phonemic segments are enclosed in parentheses. Sounds that are represented identically to their symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet practically everywhere they appear have been left out (m, n, p, b, t, d, k, g, s, z, l, a, e, i, o, u, etc.).

language	code	phone/phoneme
		ə	ɨ	aː	ã	ʔ	h	ɸ/hʷ	ʁ/ɣ	ɾ/ɽ	β/w	j	ʃ	ʒ	tʃ	dʒ/ɟ	ɲ	ŋ	other
Proto-Cariban	sai-car-pro	ô	ɨ							r	w	j
Apalaí	apy		y		ã	h				r	w	j	x
Kari'na	car		y	(a)		◌̀	(◌̀)			r	w	j	(s)				(n)	(n)
Akurio	ako	ë	ï	aa		h				r	w	y			ty
Carijona	cbd	ë	ï				h			r	w	y			(č)	(ǰ)	ñ
Trió	tri	ë	ï	a, aa			h	hp	(k)	r	w	j	(s)		(s)		(nj)	(n)
Wayana	way	ë	ï				h			l	w	j	(h)
Kuikúro	kui/mzo		ü		ã		h		g		w					j	nh	ng	/ts/: ts
Hixkaryana	hix		à	(a)			h	f		r	w	y	x		tx	dy	ny		/ɺ/: ry
Kaxuyana*	kbb/sik		ï			'	h			r	w	y			tx
Waiwai A	waw		ï	a			h	p		r	w	y	š		č		ñ		/ɺ/: ř
Waiwai B	waw		î	aa			h	p		r	w	y	x		c		n̂		/ɺ/: r̂
Bakairí	bkq	â	y		an, am	'	h			r	w	i	x	(j)					/iṽ/: nhVn; /g/: g, gu
Ikpeng	txi		ï					(p)		r	w	y	(tx)		tx			ng
Pará Arára	aap		y				h			r	w	j			tx			ng	/ʙ̥/: ???
Mapoyo/Pémono/Yabarana	mcg/yar/pev	ë	ï	a:		ʔ	h			r	w	y	(š)		(tš)		ñ		([ts]: s, [x]: x)
Panare	pbh	ë	ï	aa		'	j			r	w	y			ch		ñ	n
Akawaio	ake	ö	ï			(')				r	w	y	(sh)	(j)	(ch)	(j)	(ñ)	(ng)
Makushi	mbc		î	aa			'			r	w	y	(s)	(s)			(n)	(n)	([ð]: y)
Pemon	aoc	ö	ü	(a)		', k				r	w	y			(ch)		(ñ)
Waimiri-Atroari	atr		y	aa		'	h			r	w	i	x		tx	dj	nj
Ye’kwana	mch	ö	ü	aa		'	j	(j)		d	w	y	sh		ch		ñ	n', (n)	/ç/: j, jh
Japrería	jru		ü	aa		(')	h		ŕ	r	v	y	sh		ch
Yukpa	yup		ü				h			r	v	y	sh		ch	(y)

* No writing system found; the given representations for the asterisked languages are ad hoc proposals for Wiktionary use based on related languages alone.

Many of these languages have several writing systems in use; the references indicate the source of the orthographies given. (Where multiple references are given priority is given to the earliest.)

See also the South American Phonological Inventory Database.

Reorganization

(for planning the organization of the Cariban languages) complete

1. left: current old status (flat)
2. middle: for my own reference (with broad-consensus families, and listed in order following a continuum of related languages)
3. right: the same, but alphabetized as per usual Wiktionary custom

* {{desc|ake|}}
* {{desc|ako|}}
* {{desc|apy|}}
* {{desc|bkq|}}
* {{desc|cbd|}}
* {{desc|ciy|}}
* {{desc|car|}}
* {{desc|hix|}}
* {{desc|txi|}}
* {{desc|jru|}}
* {{desc|kbb|}}
* {{desc|kui|}}
* {{desc|mbc|}}
* {{desc|mcg|}}
* {{desc|mch|}}
* {{desc|mzo|}}
* {{desc|sai-opo|}}
* {{desc|pbh|}}
* {{desc|aap|}}
* {{desc|pbc|}}
* {{desc|aoc|}}
* {{desc|pev|}}
* {{desc|sai-pur|}}
* {{desc|slj|}}
* {{desc|sai-sap|}}
* {{desc|sik|}}
* {{desc|tmz|}}
* {{desc|tri|}}
* {{desc|atr|}}
* {{desc|waw|}}
* {{desc|way|}}
* {{desc|sai-way|}}
* {{desc|yar|}}
* {{desc|sai-yao|}}
* {{desc|sai-yar|}}
* {{desc|yup|}}

* Parukotoan:
** {{desc|kbb|}}
** {{desc|hix|}}
** {{desc|waw|}}
* Guianan:
** {{desc|car|}}
** Taranoan:
*** {{desc|cbd|}}
*** {{desc|ako|}}
*** {{desc|tri|}}
** {{desc|way|}}
** {{desc|apy|}}
* {{desc|mch|}}
* {{desc|sai-way|}}
* Venezuelan Cariban:
** Mapoyan:
*** {{desc|mcg|}}
*** {{desc|yar|}}
*** {{desc|pev|}}
** {{desc|ciy|}}
** {{desc|tmz|}}
** {{desc|sai-yao|}}
** {{desc|pbh|}}
** Pemongan:
*** {{desc|aoc|}}
*** {{desc|ake|}}
*** {{desc|pbc|}}
*** {{desc|mbc|}}
*** {{desc|sai-pur|}}
* {{desc|sai-sap|}}
* {{desc|atr|}}
* Pekodian:
** {{desc|aap|}}
** {{desc|txi|}}
** {{desc|sai-yar|}}
** {{desc|bkq|}}
* Kuikuroan:
** {{desc|kui|}}
** {{desc|mzo|}}
* Yukpan:
** {{desc|jru|}}
** {{desc|yup|}}
* {{desc|sai-opo|}}

* Guianan:
** {{desc|apy|}}
** {{desc|car|}}
** Taranoan:
*** {{desc|ako|}}
*** {{desc|cbd|}}
*** {{desc|tri|}}
** {{desc|way|}}
* Kuikuroan:
** {{desc|kui|}}
** {{desc|mzo|}}
* {{desc|sai-opo|}}
* Parukotoan:
** {{desc|hix|}}
** {{desc|kbb|}}
** {{desc|waw|}}
* Pekodian:
** {{desc|bkq|}}
** {{desc|txi|}}
** {{desc|aap|}}
** {{desc|sai-yar|}}
* {{desc|sai-sap|}}
* Venezuelan Cariban:
** {{desc|ciy|}}
** Mapoyan:
*** {{desc|mcg|}}
*** {{desc|pev|}}
*** {{desc|yar|}}
** {{desc|pbh|}}
** Pemongan:
*** {{desc|ake|}}
*** {{desc|mbc|}}
*** {{desc|pbc|}}
*** {{desc|aoc|}}
*** {{desc|sai-pur|}}
** {{desc|tmz|}}
** {{desc|sai-yao|}}
* {{desc|atr|}}
* {{desc|sai-way|}}
* {{desc|mch|}}
* Yukpan:
** {{desc|jru|}}
** {{desc|yup|}}

Not included:

• Sikiana sik, which is the only surviving dialect of kbb and probably shouldn’t have a separate code of its own
• Coyaima coy is apparently no longer believed to be a Cariban language (assuming we mean the same by it as this Wikipedia page)
• Saluma slj or Charúma is apparently identical to Waiwai waw: see Glottolog.

Whether there’s enough of a distinction between mcg, yar, and pev to warrant their own codes is also questionable. (But there does seem to be some difference: see Mattei Muller, Marie-Claude (2003) “Pémono: eslabón perdido entre mapoyo y yawarana” in Amerindia no. 28, pages 33-54.) Same question for kui and mzo.

Yukpa yup, on the other hand, seems to consist of several wildly different dialects that might better be considered separate languages.

Oddly, we also have Cumanagoto cuo listed as belonging to the Chapacuran family rather than Cariban. Are there two different languages with this name, given that the Cariban one is supposedly a synonym for Chayma ciy? (If so, the Cumanagoto entry at tuna should be deleted; we already have it under the Chayma header.)

Families added in the above structure:

• Guianan
  • Taranoan (cf. Appendix:Proto-Taranoan reconstructions)
• Kuikuroan
• Parukotoan
• Pekodian
• Venezuelan Cariban
  • Mapoyan
  • Pemongan
• Yukpan

New (current) tree

• Cariban (sai-car) FExpand
• Proto-Cariban (sai-car-pro)
  • ├──── Coyaima (coy)
  • ├───┬ Guianan (sai-gui) F
    • │   ├──── Apalaí (apy)
    • │   ├──── Kari'na (car)
    • │   ├───┬ Taranoan (sai-tar) F
      • │   │   │ Proto-Taranoan (sai-tar-pro)
      • │   │   ├──── Akurio (ako)
      • │   │   ├──── Carijona (cbd)
      • │   │   └───┬ Trió (tri)
        • │   │       └──── Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin (njt)
    • │   └──── Wayana (way)
  • ├───┬ Kuikuroan (sai-kui) F
    • │   ├──── Kuikúro (kui)
    • │   └──── Matipuhy (mzo)
  • ├──── Opón (sai-opo)
  • ├───┬ Parukotoan (sai-prk) F
    • │   ├──── Hixkaryana (hix)
    • │   ├──── Kaxuyana (kbb)
    • │   ├──── Salumá (slj)
    • │   ├──── Sikiana (sik)
    • │   └──── Waiwai (waw)
  • ├───┬ Pekodian (sai-pek) F
    • │   ├──── Bakairí (bkq)
    • │   ├──── Ikpeng (txi)
    • │   ├──── Pará Arára (aap)
    • │   └──── Yarumá (sai-yar)
  • ├──── Sapará (sai-sap)
  • ├───┬ Venezuelan Cariban (sai-ven) F
    • │   ├──── Chaima (ciy)
    • │   ├───┬ Mapoyan (sai-map) F
      • │   │   ├──── Mapoyo (mcg)
      • │   │   ├──── Pémono (pev)
      • │   │   └──── Yabarana (yar)
    • │   ├──── Panare (pbh)
    • │   ├───┬ Pemongan (sai-pem) F
      • │   │   ├──── Akawaio (ake)
      • │   │   ├──── Macushi (mbc)
      • │   │   ├──── Patamona (pbc)
      • │   │   ├──── Pemon (aoc)
      • │   │   └──── Purukotó (sai-pur)
    • │   ├──── Tamanaku (tmz)
    • │   └──── Yao (South America) (sai-yao)
  • ├──── Waimiri-Atroari (atr)
  • ├──── Wayumara (sai-way)
  • ├──── Ye'kwana (mch)
  • └───┬ Yukpan (sai-yuk) F
    •     ├──── Japrería (jru)
    •     └──── Yukpa (yup)

Possible languages we’re missing

• Palmela language
• Tiverikoto language (see User:Vorziblix/Tiverikoto)
• Paravilyana language
• Pawishiana language
• Boanarí language
• Apingi language
• Juma language (Carib)
• Parirí, another Pekodian language closely related to the preceding two
• Pimenteira language
• Wanai, supposedly a Mapoyan language/dialect per Gildea (2012)

All are poorly attested. Best not bother with them just now?