User:Victar/German Low German normalisation
Short vowels
[edit]Grapheme | Phoneme | Example | |
---|---|---|---|
en.Wikt | Others | ||
a[1][2][3] | /a ~ ɑ/ | Backes | |
ä | ϵ[4] | /ɛ/ | Bäggekriut |
e[3] | /e/, /ə/[5] | Berre | |
ë | /ə/ | [Term?] | |
i[1] | /ɪ/ | finden (/fɪndən/, “to find”) | |
o[1] | ꜵ[4] | /ɔ/ | Kopp (/kɔp/, “head”) (Mrk., LPr., Wph.) |
ö[1] | /œ ~ ø/ | köpps | |
u[1] | /ʊ ~ ʉ/ | lummem | |
ü[1][3] | /ʏ ~ y/ | Sünne (/sʏnə/, “sun”) (LPr., Wph. (Bnth., Wstm.)) cf. Sunne (/sʊnə/) (Mrk., Wph.) |
Long vowels
[edit]Grapheme | Phoneme | Example | |
---|---|---|---|
en.Wikt | Others | ||
aa[2][2] | ā[1][3] | /aː ~ ɒː/ | Daaler |
ää | ǟ[1], ę | /ɛː/ | Gäte (/gɛːtə/) |
ee | ē[1] | /eː/ | Fleeg (/fleːɣ/, “fly”) (LPru., Mark.) cf. Flege (/fleːɣə/) (Wph.), Flaoige (/flɔːɪɣə/) (Wph. (EWph.)), Flaige (/flaɪɣə/), Floige (/flɔɪɣə/), Flauege (/flaʊəɣə/), Flieje (/fliejə/) (Wph. (Sauer.)), flaẹ̆ge (/fl??ɣə/) (Wph. (Dort.)) |
ie | ī[1][3] | /iː/ | Wien (/viːn/, “wine”) |
oa[6] | å[7] | /ɔː/ | Fraoge (/frɔːɣə/, “question”) (LPrs., Mark., Wph.) cf. Froge (/froːɣə/) (Wph. (EWPh., Sauer.)), Frauge (/fraʊɣə/) (Wph. (EWPh.)) |
oo | ō[1][3] | /oː/ | Boom (/broːm/, “tree”) |
öö | ȫ[1] | /øː ~ œː/ | Döör (/døːr/, “door”) |
uu | ū[1][8][3] | /uː/ | Huus (/huːs/, “house”) (Mrk., LPrs., Wph.) cf. Hius (/hɪʊs/) (Wph. (Sauer., EWPh.)), Höis (/hœɪs/), Höus (/hœʊs/), Hiës (/hiəs/), Höüs (/hœʏs/), Hous (/hɔʊs/) (Wph. (Sauer.)), Huss (/hʊs/) (Hagenburgerisch) |
üü[8] | ǖ[1] | /yː/ | Müüs (/myːs/, “mouse”) |
Diphthongs
[edit]Grapheme | Phoneme | Example | |
---|---|---|---|
en.Wikt | Others | ||
ai[1][2] | aⁱ[3] | /ai̭/ | raine |
aai | aaj[2] | /aːɪ/ | swaait |
au[1][2][3] | /au̯/ | Blaut | |
äi[1][2] | /ɛːɪ/ | Gäite (/gɛːɪtə/, “goat”), Wäite (/vɛːɪdə/, “pasture”) | |
äo[1] | /ɛɔ/ | Bräod (/brɛɔt/, “bread”) (Wph. (Sauer.)) cf. Brood (/broːt/) (Mark., Mckl., Wph. (WMun.)), Brod (/brɔt/) (LPru.), Braọ̆d (/braʊt/) (Wph. (Dort.)), Braud (/braʊt/) (Wph. (Lipp., Sauer.)), Breiet (/breiet/), Broid (/brɔit/), Broud (/broʊt/), Broed (/broːet/) (Wph. (Sauer.)) | |
äu | /ɛu/ | [Term?] | |
ei[3] | ey[1] | /ei̯/ | Beile |
oi[1] | eu[8] | /ɔi̯/ | Boime |
ou[2] | /oʊ/ | Wounde (/voʊndə/, “wound”) (Wph. (Bnth.)) cf. Wunne (/vʊnə/) (Wph.), Wunde (/vʊndə/) (Mckl., Wph. (Sauer.)), Wunge (/vʊnɣə/) (Wph. (Sauer.)) | |
öi | /œi̯ ~ øi̯/ | stöind | |
öu | /œʊ/ | [Term?] | |
öü | /œʏ ~ øʏ/ | [Term?] | |
iu[1] | /iu/ | ||
ui[1] | /ui/ | Fuistling | |
iä[1] | iǽ[9] | /i̯ɛ ~ i̯æ/ | Piärd (/pɪɛɐt/, “horse”) (Mckl., Wph. (Bnth., EWPh., Sauer.)) cf. Peerd (/peːɐt/) (LPrs., Mckl., Wph.), Pärd (/pɛɐt/) (Mrk., Wph. (EWPh.)), Päärd (/pɛːɐt/), (Wph. (WMun.)) |
je | ⁱę, ię[3], ĭɛ[10] | /i̯e/ | |
ië | īe[1], ⁱe, ie[3] | /iə/ | Siëge (/siəɣə/, “goat”) (Mckl., Wph. (Bnth., EWPh., Sauer.)) cf. Zäge (/zɛːɣə/) (LPrs., Mckl., Wph.), Zege (/zeːɣə/) (Wph. (EWPh., WMun.)), Siëje (/siːəjə/) (Wph. (Lipp.)), Seje (/seːjə/), (Wph. (Sauer.)), Sege (/seːɣə/) (Wph. (Bnth.)) |
ua[1] | ᵘą, uą[3], ŭɒ[10] | /u̯a/ | Buast (/bu̯ast/, “chest”) |
ue[1] | /u̯e/ | bueseln | |
uo | uó̜[9] | /u̯o/ | duorp (/du̯orp/, “village”) |
üe[1] | y̯e[10] | /ʏ̯e ~ y̯e/ | Büen |
üö[1] | üö̜, üö̜[3], yǿ̜[10] | /ʏ̯œ ~ y̯œ ~ ʏ̯ø ~ y̯ø/ | düör |
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 Pilkmann-Pohl, Reinhard, editor (1988), Plattdeutsches Wörterbuch des kurkölnischen Sauerlandes (in German), Arnsberg: Strobel-Verlag, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Friedrich, Fenna, Olthuis, Gerhard, Rieger, Gerda, Rötterink, Albert, Stegemerten, Gertrud, editors (2009), Grafschafter Platt: Wörterbuch Hochdeutsch-Plattdeutsch für Kindertageseinrichtungen und Grundschulen der Grafschaft Bentheim (Das Bentheimer Land) (in German), volume 179, Uelsen: Groafschupper Plattproater Kring, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 Grimme (1922)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Baader
- ^ _(n)#
- ^ Template:R:nds:WWM
- ^ Woeste
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Schierholz, Sabine, editor (2019 (1st ed. 2003)), Lippisches Wörterbuch [Lippsket Weorterbeok][1] (in German), 2nd edition, Lippischer Heimatbund e.V.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Frebel (1957)
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Beisenherz (1907)