User:BartGerardsSodermans/Arawá

Arawá

Sound Correspondences

The following sound correspondences are taken from “Proto-Arawá Phonology” (Dixon, 2004).

Arawá (A)	Kulina-Dení (KD)	Jarawara- Banawá- Jamamadí (JBM)	Sorowahá (S)	Paumarí (P)	Proto-Arawá (PA)	IPA	Position
a	a	a	a	a	*a	[a]
	e	e	a, i	a, i	*e	[e]
i	i	i	i	i	*i	[i]
o	o	o	o	o	*o	[o]
w	w	w	w	w	*w	[β] or [w]
b	b	b	b	b	*b	[b]	all
	b	b	h	'b	*'b	[ɓ]	initial
	p	f	h	'b	*'b	[ɓ]	medial
f	p	f	h	p	*p	[p]	all
p	ph	f	h	p	*ph	[pʰ]	initial
f	ph	f	h	f	*ph	[pʰ]	medial
	d	t (J), d (BM)	d	d	*d	[d]	all
t	t	t	d	'd	*'d	[ɗ]	initial
	t	t	t	'd	*'d	[ɗ]	medial
	t	t	t	t	*t	[t]	initial
	t	t	t	'	*t	[t]	medial
	th	t	t	th	*th	[tʰ]	all
	w	w	g	g	*g	[ɡ]	all
k	k	k	k	k	*k	[k]	all
	kh	k	k	kh	*kh	[kʰ]	all
j	j	j	j	j	*j	[dz] or less likely [ɟ]	initial
s	j	j	j	j	*j	[dz] or less likely [ɟ]	medial
s	s	s	s	s	*s	[ts]	all
s	sh	s	s	s	*sh	[tsʰ]	all
	sh	s	s	tx	*tx	[tʃ]
m	m	m	m	m	*m	[m]	all
n	n	n	n	n	*n	[n]	all
r	r	r	r	r	*r	[r], [l], [ɺ]	all
h	h	h	h	h	*h	[ɦ]	all
	∅	∅	∅	'	*'	[ʔ]	initial
	'	∅		'	*'	[ʔ]	medial

Wordlist

The wordlist is taken from “Notes of a Journey up the River Juruá” (Chandless, 1869) and the reconstructions are taken from “Proto-Arawá Phonology” (Dixon, 2004).

Arawá	English	Proto-Arawá
chirifuá	turtle	*shire (“turtle (tartaruga)”)
camará	male turtle (capitarỳ)
chirí	yellow-spotted river turtle (tracajá)	*shire (“turtle (tartaruga)”)
jujú	male yellow-spotted river turtle (male tracajá)
afina	sea-cow (Portuguese peixe-boi)
awí	tapir	*awi
jumayhí	dog	*jomahi (“jaguar”)
coasá	tortoise	*kowasa
abaigauá	fish	*aba- (“fish (generic)”)
isamá	wild pig	*hijama (“white-lipped peccary”)
nubasá	Tayassu pecari albirostris (Portuguese taititú)
fazú	curassow (Portuguese mutum)
arí-borí	type of curassow (Portuguese mutum-assu)
tacará	hen
nafariná	eggs	*napha-ni/ne
fanará	banana
agá	tobacco (or “parica”)
wäu	calabash	(*paho (“gourd”))
carú	india rubber
awá-tinaní	copaiba oil
awá-safiný	bark canoe
dacú-fuá	lake	*'dako(rija)
fou ou-maunidí	yuca
zamí	house	*jamari-ni/ne
barí	axe	*bari
mahí	sun	*mahi
massicú	moon	*masiko (“moon, month”)
pahá	water (and river)	*phaha(-ni/ne) (“water, liquid”)
si-hú	fire	*jipho (“fire, firewood”)
amóa-hüá	star	*amowa
warihí	one	*ohari or *wahari
famihí	two	*pama-
arisafahá	three
naida-á	yes
hina-á	no
amozadí	good	*amoshi
amozaraha-dí	bad
amozarahá-nahadí	sick
töodí	plenty
timaudí	a lie
maquidá	man	*makhira (“man, husband”)
waidauá	woman
ganahí-quidauá	boy
abí	father	*abi'i
amí	mother	*ami-
usafá	hand	*japa-ni/ne (PN)
otamá	foot	*'dama-ni/ne
bigauahá	bow
atú	arrow
waramí	oar	*waRami (“oar, paddle”)
zui-mazarú	knife
sara-sará	cutlass (Portuguese terçado)	(borrowed from Portuguese terçado)

References

• Chandless, W. (1869) “Notes of a Journey up the River Juruá”, in The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, volume 39, pages 296-311.
• Dixon, R. M. W. (2004) “Proto-Arawá Phonology”, in Anthropological Linguistics, volume 46, pages 1-83.