Trondheim

English

Alternative forms

• Throndham

Etymology

From Norwegian Trondheim, from Old Norse Þróndheimr. Doublet of Throndham and Throwendham. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *trew(H)- (“to nourish, to grow”), thus referring to the unusual warm-summer climate of this inland fjord. Compare Old English þryþ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɹɒndhaɪm/, /ˈtɹɒndheɪm/

Proper noun

Trondheim

1. A city and municipality in Trøndelag county (formerly Sør-Trøndelag), Norway. It is the third largest city in Norway after Oslo and Bergen.

Translations

city in Norway

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 特隆赫姆 (Tèlónghèmǔ)

• Danish: Trondheim, Trondhjem
• Faroese: Trondheim, Tróndheimur m
• Georgian: ტრონჰეიმი (ṭronheimi)
• German: Trondheim, Drontheim
• Icelandic: Þrándheimur m, Niðarós m, Trondheim (is)
• Latin: Nidrosia f, Tronthemium m, Trondemnae pl
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: Trondheim (no)

  Nynorsk: Trondheim m

• Old Norse: Niðarós, Þrándheimr m
• Portuguese: Trondheim f
• Russian: Тро́нхейм m (Trónxejm)
• Southern Sami: Råante
• Swedish: Trondheim (sv), Trondhem

Anagrams

• thermodin

Norwegian Bokmål

The Nidelva river, in Trondheim, Norway.

Alternative forms

• Trondhjem

Etymology

From Old Norse Þróndheimr (“Trondheim, Trøndelag”), first part from þrǿndir, þrǿndr (“a person from Trøndelag”) (from the present participle of þróask (“to grow”), from the reflexive form of Proto-Germanic *þrōwōną, thus farmers) + last part from Old Norse heimr (“realm, world, village, home”). Replaced the Danicised name Trondhjem in 1930.

The city was often referred to as kaupangr (“city”) in Old Norse, or more specifically, kaupangr í Þróndheimi (“the city in the district Trøndelag”), which was simplified to just Þróndheimi (“Trondheim, Trøndelag”) during the Middle Ages.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtrɔnhæɪm/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æɪm
• Hyphenation: Trond‧heim

Proper noun

Trondheim m

1. Trondheim (a city and municipality of Trøndelag, Norway)

Derived terms

• trondheimer (“a person from Trondheim”)
• trondheimsk (“Trondheim dialect or something related to Trondheim”)

References

• “Trondheim” in Store norske leksikon

Norwegian Nynorsk

The River Nid (Nidelva) in Trondheim, which also gave the city its original name, Nidaros.

Alternative forms

• Trondeim, Throndheim (alternative spellings)
• Tråndheim (< Þrándheimr)

Dialects

• Trandeim (Nordfyrdemål, Sognamål, Western Valdresmål, Telemål, Setesdal)
• Tråndeim (Sunnhordlandsk, gbr)
• Tråndem, Tråndæm (gbr)
• Trandem (Romsdalsk, Sunnmøre)
• Tranneim (Nordhordlandsk)
• Trondem (Tromsmål)
• Trannum, Trannøm, Tranem (Østerdalsmål)
• Tranøm, Trannom (Østfoldmål)
• Trannem (Trysil, Sunnfyrdemål)
• Trunhem, Trunnhem, Tronnhem (Härjedalsk)

Etymology

From Old Norse Þróndheimr, Þróndeimr, Þrándheimr (“Trondheim, Trøndelag”), from þróndr (plural þrǿndr, þrǿndir) + heimr. Þróndr is possibly from the present participle of þróask (“to grow”), from the reflexive form of Proto-Germanic *þrōwōną. A proposed Proto-Norse ancestor is *ᚦᚱᛟᚹᚨᚾᛞᛁᛉ m pl (*þrowandiʀ /⁠*þrōwandiʀ⁠/) (< *þrōwōną +‎ *-ndz), cf. Old English Þrowendas pl. A similar construction is found in bóndi (“farmer”) from búa (“to reside”), and frændi (“friend”) from frjá (“to love”).

The city’s Old Norse name was Niðaróss (“the mouth of the Nid river”), but was commonly referred to as kaupangr í Þróndheimi (“the city in Trøndelag”). It was later simplified to use only the name of the region, whence also the Danish name Trondhjem. The same tendency is found in modern time when the city is referred to as Staden (“the stead, the city”) or Byen (“the city”) instead of its official name, and genuine dialect forms are found only outside of Trøndelag.

Doublet of Trandum (farm name). Cognates include Faroese Tróndheimur and Icelandic Þrándheimur, and Swedish Trondhem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²trund(h)ɛɪm/, /²trunː(h)ɛɪm/
• (Vikværsk) IPA^(key): /²trɔnː(h)ɛɪm/, [²tro̞nːæ̞ɪm], [²tro̞nːhæ̞ɪm]
• Rhymes: -ɛɪm
• Hyphenation: Trónd‧heim, Trón‧d(h)eim
• Note: The h in -heim is usually not pronounced.

Proper noun

Trondheim m (definite Trondheimen)

1. Trondheim, Throndham (a city and municipality in southern Trøndelag, Norway)

   Synonyms: (chiefly historical) Nidaros, (colloquial) Byen

   Olavskyrkja i Trondeim / ho æ tekt’e mæ bly: / Bendik skò inkji live njote, / um ho va tri gongjir ny!

   The Olav Church in Trondheim / it is thatched with lead: / Bendik shall not his life enjoy, / if it was three times new!

2. (now often in the definite form) Throwendham, Throndham (the region around the Trondheim Fjord, Norway, equivalent of the county of Trøndelag)

   Synonym: Trøndelag

   kaupangen i Trondheimen ― medieval nickname for the city of Nidaros/Trondheim (literally, “the city in Throwendham”)

   • 1861, A. O. Vinje, Ferdaminni fraa Sumaren 1860, page 85:

     Fraa denne Foldalen var altso ho Malene, som var fem og sytti Aar og piltade so lett som ei Rjupe tri Mil fram til Hjerkinn for at sjaa Kongen paa Nordferdi si til Throndheim, endaa mange Skytsfolk til Kongen, som vaaro i Fylgjet med sine lause Hestar, sagde, at ho gjekk for at sjaa seg ut ein Kjæraste paa Hjerkinn og Kongsvoll bland dei Mange, som komo dit fraa lang Leid for at sjaa Kongen.

     From this Foldal was Malene, who was seventy five years old and scurried as light as a grouse 34 km to Hjerkinn to see the king on his journey north to Throwendham [i.e. Trøndelag], even though many of the king’s horsemen, who were in his entourage with their loose horses, said that she went to find herself a spouse on Hjerkinn and Kongsvoll from the many who came from far away to see the king.

Usage notes

As the name of a region, the name is usually referred to in definite form to distinguish it from the city. This is a practice that arose after the city got the name Trondheim.

Derived terms

• trondheimar (“a person from Trondheim”)
• trondheiming (“a person from Trondheim”)
• trondheimsbu (“a person from Trondheim”)
• Trondheimsfjorden (“the fjord around which Trøndelag is located”)
• trondheimsfolk (“people from Trondheim”)
• trondheimsk (“related to Trondheim; the dialect of Trondheim”)
• trondheimsmann (“a man from Trondheim”)
• trondheimssuppe

Related terms

• Trond
• trønder
• Trøndelag

References

• Gustav Indrebø (1930) Nidarosnamnet og Trondhjemsnamnet i Noreg: nye granskingar um bynamnet‎^[3], Oslo: Noregs mållag
• “Trondheimar” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring

Further reading

• “Trondheim” in Store norske leksikon

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Norwegian Trondheim.

Proper noun

Trondheim f

1. Trondheim (a city in Norway)